19世纪后期英国保护“自然面貌”的环境管理原则及其利弊分析——以埃平森林为例
发布时间：2019-05-27 14:26
【摘要】：保护"自然面貌"曾作为19世纪后期英国的主导环境管理原则被长期推崇,但在实践中却引发了有违保护初衷的生态后果。这一原则是在自然神论、浪漫主义、博物学等因素的共同作用下形成的,其核心理念是"清除人为特征"和"保留自然之力"。这一原则有效地遏制了铁路公司在经济利益引诱下试图占用公地的商业活动,保护了埃平森林的生态面貌。但在经济增长模式、现代化思维与艺术价值观念变化的推动下,埃平森林中"修剪树冠"活动的废止导致古老的"牧草林地"景观从一个马赛克式的多样化生境逐渐退化成一个斑块化、孤立化、单一化的生境。因此,把人类视为有益生态演替中的一个积极因子并适当恢复其在生态网络中的活动至关重要。
[Abstract]:The protection of "natural appearance" was respected for a long time as the leading environmental management principle in Britain in the late 19th century, but in practice it led to ecological consequences that were contrary to the original intention of protection. This principle is formed under the joint action of natural theism, romanticism, naturalism and other factors, and its core ideas are "clearing man-made characteristics" and "retaining the power of nature". This principle effectively restricts the commercial activities of railway companies trying to occupy common land under the inducement of economic interests, and protects the ecological appearance of Eping forest. However, driven by the model of economic growth, the change of modern thinking and artistic values, The abolition of "pruning crown" in Eping forest led to the gradual degradation of the ancient "forage forest" landscape from a mosaic diversified habitat to a patchy, isolated and unitary habitat. Therefore, it is very important to regard human beings as a positive factor in beneficial ecological succession and to properly restore their activities in ecological networks.
【作者单位】： 东北师范大学世界文明史研究中心博士后流动站;
【基金】：“中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助”项目(2017M611290)
【分类号】：X32-09
本文编号：2486222
[Abstract]:The protection of "natural appearance" was respected for a long time as the leading environmental management principle in Britain in the late 19th century, but in practice it led to ecological consequences that were contrary to the original intention of protection. This principle is formed under the joint action of natural theism, romanticism, naturalism and other factors, and its core ideas are "clearing man-made characteristics" and "retaining the power of nature". This principle effectively restricts the commercial activities of railway companies trying to occupy common land under the inducement of economic interests, and protects the ecological appearance of Eping forest. However, driven by the model of economic growth, the change of modern thinking and artistic values, The abolition of "pruning crown" in Eping forest led to the gradual degradation of the ancient "forage forest" landscape from a mosaic diversified habitat to a patchy, isolated and unitary habitat. Therefore, it is very important to regard human beings as a positive factor in beneficial ecological succession and to properly restore their activities in ecological networks.
【作者单位】： 东北师范大学世界文明史研究中心博士后流动站;
【基金】：“中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助”项目(2017M611290)
【分类号】：X32-09
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