土壤调理剂对土壤性质和重金属环境行为的影响研究
发布时间：2022-01-15 05:35
在农田重金属污染修复中,土壤调理剂（土壤钝化剂）是控制土壤重金属污染的有效方法。然而,施用土壤调理剂对土壤重金属的形态转化、移动性和生物有效性以及施用调理剂对土壤基本理化性质的影响尚缺乏较为系统的研究。本项研究采样土壤培养试验和土壤幼苗盆栽试验,研究了施用三种不同土壤调理剂,或重金属钝化剂（生物炭、钢渣好含铁锰矿）的条件下,镉和铅复合污染土壤中,镉和铅的形态转化、移动性、生物有效性及土壤性质的影响,研究结果对于明确土壤调理剂的作用机制及指导土壤调理剂的合理施用具有重要意义。主要结果总结如下:1)采样土壤培养试验,应用BCR连续浸提法及TCLP、CaCl2和NH4NO3提取法评估了三种土壤调理剂（生物炭、钢渣和铁锰矿）对土壤铅和镉的固定效果。BCR连续浸提法的结果表明,添加土壤调理剂后重金属酸溶部分减少,而Pb和Cd的残留部分比例随着钢渣和生物炭添加量的升高而增加。与钢渣和铁锰矿比较,添加生物炭均能够显著降低TCLP、NH4NO3和CaCl2的可提取量。在所有方案中,生物炭对铅和镉的固定效果最好。三种调理剂在修复重金属复合污染土壤方面都表现出积极的和长期的效果,值得进行进一步的实地检测研...
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：181 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Abbreviations
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER Ⅰ Research background and review of literature
1.1 Research background
1.2 Presence of heavy metals in the environment and their health effects
1.3 Sources of contaminants
1.3.1 Airborne sources
1.3.2 Process solid wastes
1.3.3 Sludges
1.4 Heavy metals pollution in China
1.5 Cadmium
1.5.1 Chemical properties of cadmium
1.5.2 Isotopes
1.5.3 Cadmium in China
1.5.4 Cadmium in soil
1.5.5 Factor affecting cadmium in soil
1.5.6 Cadmium in plants
1.6 Lead
1.6.1 Chemical properties of lead
1.6.2 Isotopes
1.6.3 Lead in China
1.6.4 Lead in soil
1.6.5 Factor affecting lead in soil
1.6.6 Lead in plants
1.7 Remediation technologies
1.8 Passivators
1.8.1 Mechanism of passivators
1.8.2 Biochar
1.8.3 Slag
1.8.4 Ferrous manganese ore
1.9 Research Gap
1.10 Specific objectives
Chapter Ⅱ Comparative effects of biochar, slag and ferrous-Mn ore on lead and cadmium immobilization in soil
1.11 Introduction
1.12 Materials and methods
1.12.1 Characterization of red brown soil
1.12.2 Incubation
1.12.3 Sequential extraction
1.12.4 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)
1.12.5 CaCl_2 single extraction
1.12.6 Ammonium nitrate
1.12.7 Statistical analysis
1.13 Results
1.13.1 Soil EC and pH
1.13.2 BCR fractions of lead and cadmium
1.13.3 TCLP-extractable cadmium and lead
1.13.4 NH_4NO_3 and CaCl_2-extractable lead and cadmium
1.14 Discussion
1.15 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅲ Leaching behaviour of Pb and Cd and transformation of their speciation in co-contaminated soilreceiving different passivators
1.16 Introduction
1.17 Materials and methods
1.17.1 Preparation of soil
1.17.2 Soil column construction
1.17.3 Analytical Analysis
1.18 Results
1.18.1 Total metals contents of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.2 pH and EC of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.3 Fractionation of Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.4 CaCl_2 extractable Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.5 TCLP extractable Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.6 pH of the leachate collected
1.18.7 Total metal contents of leachate
1.18.8 Adhesion efficiency of passivators
1.19 Discussion
1.20 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅳ Passivators application improving physical, chemical and microbial biomass properties in Pb andCd co-contaminated acidic soils
1.21 Introduction
1.22 Materials and methods
1.22.1 Description of study area
1.22.2 Characterization of passivators analysis by using SEM, XRD, and FTIRspectroscopy
1.22.3 Experimental layout
1.22.4 Laboratory analysis
1.22.5 Analysis of data
1.23 Results
1.23.1 Passivators characteristics
1.23.2 Passivators changes the Pb and Cd-induced inhibition of soil physical properties
1.23.3 Passivators changes soil chemical properties under Pb and Cd stress
1.23.4 Passivators changes soil biological properties under Pb and Cd stress
1.24 Discussion
1.25 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅴ Lead and cadmium mobility, uptake and anti-oxidative response of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)under biochar, slag and ferrous manganese ore as amendments
1.26 Introduction
1.27 Materials and methods
1.27.1 Characterization soil and passivators
1.27.2 Experimental design, plant sampling and analysis
1.27.3 Extraction and assay of antioxidant enzymes
1.27.4 Extraction and assessment of glutathione (GSH) contents
1.27.5 Assessment of photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, and proline contents
1.27.6 Estimation of H_2O_2, MDA and electrolyte leakage
1.27.7 Analysis of relative expression of genes by using RT-qPCR
1.27.8 Soil and plant nutrients
1.27.9 Soil laboratory analysis
1.27.10 Statistical analysis
1.28 Results
1.28.1 Passivators enhances the Pb and Cd-induced inhibition of sesame seedling growthand photosynthesis pigments
1.28.2 Passivators maintains the membrane integrity by suppressing the H_2O_2, MDAcontent and EL under Pb and Cd stress
1.28.3 Passivators efficiently downregulate the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant
1.28.4 Impact of Passivators, Pb and Cd on genes expression
1.28.5 Effect of passivators on soluble protein and proline content under Pb and Cd stress
1.28.6 Passivators application improves soil and plant nutrients and suppresses Pb andCd uptake
1.28.7 pH and EC of soll
1.28.8 SBET, CaCl_2 and TCLP extractable Pb and Cd of soil
1.29 Discussion
1.30 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅵ Conclusions and future directions
1.31 General conclusions
1.32 Future perspectives
References
Publications arising from this dissertation
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Elemental Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Iron-Manganese Nodules in Main Soils of China[J]. TAN Wen-Feng, LIU Fan, LI Yong-Hua, HU Hong-Qing and HUANG Qiao-Yun College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 (China). E-mail: tanwf@mail. hzau. edu. cn Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 (China). Pedosphere. 2006(01)
本文编号：3590006
【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：181 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Abbreviations
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER Ⅰ Research background and review of literature
1.1 Research background
1.2 Presence of heavy metals in the environment and their health effects
1.3 Sources of contaminants
1.3.1 Airborne sources
1.3.2 Process solid wastes
1.3.3 Sludges
1.4 Heavy metals pollution in China
1.5 Cadmium
1.5.1 Chemical properties of cadmium
1.5.2 Isotopes
1.5.3 Cadmium in China
1.5.4 Cadmium in soil
1.5.5 Factor affecting cadmium in soil
1.5.6 Cadmium in plants
1.6 Lead
1.6.1 Chemical properties of lead
1.6.2 Isotopes
1.6.3 Lead in China
1.6.4 Lead in soil
1.6.5 Factor affecting lead in soil
1.6.6 Lead in plants
1.7 Remediation technologies
1.8 Passivators
1.8.1 Mechanism of passivators
1.8.2 Biochar
1.8.3 Slag
1.8.4 Ferrous manganese ore
1.9 Research Gap
1.10 Specific objectives
Chapter Ⅱ Comparative effects of biochar, slag and ferrous-Mn ore on lead and cadmium immobilization in soil
1.11 Introduction
1.12 Materials and methods
1.12.1 Characterization of red brown soil
1.12.2 Incubation
1.12.3 Sequential extraction
1.12.4 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)
1.12.5 CaCl_2 single extraction
1.12.6 Ammonium nitrate
1.12.7 Statistical analysis
1.13 Results
1.13.1 Soil EC and pH
1.13.2 BCR fractions of lead and cadmium
1.13.3 TCLP-extractable cadmium and lead
1.13.4 NH_4NO_3 and CaCl_2-extractable lead and cadmium
1.14 Discussion
1.15 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅲ Leaching behaviour of Pb and Cd and transformation of their speciation in co-contaminated soilreceiving different passivators
1.16 Introduction
1.17 Materials and methods
1.17.1 Preparation of soil
1.17.2 Soil column construction
1.17.3 Analytical Analysis
1.18 Results
1.18.1 Total metals contents of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.2 pH and EC of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.3 Fractionation of Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.4 CaCl_2 extractable Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.5 TCLP extractable Pb and Cd of corresponding soil column layers
1.18.6 pH of the leachate collected
1.18.7 Total metal contents of leachate
1.18.8 Adhesion efficiency of passivators
1.19 Discussion
1.20 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅳ Passivators application improving physical, chemical and microbial biomass properties in Pb andCd co-contaminated acidic soils
1.21 Introduction
1.22 Materials and methods
1.22.1 Description of study area
1.22.2 Characterization of passivators analysis by using SEM, XRD, and FTIRspectroscopy
1.22.3 Experimental layout
1.22.4 Laboratory analysis
1.22.5 Analysis of data
1.23 Results
1.23.1 Passivators characteristics
1.23.2 Passivators changes the Pb and Cd-induced inhibition of soil physical properties
1.23.3 Passivators changes soil chemical properties under Pb and Cd stress
1.23.4 Passivators changes soil biological properties under Pb and Cd stress
1.24 Discussion
1.25 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅴ Lead and cadmium mobility, uptake and anti-oxidative response of sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)under biochar, slag and ferrous manganese ore as amendments
1.26 Introduction
1.27 Materials and methods
1.27.1 Characterization soil and passivators
1.27.2 Experimental design, plant sampling and analysis
1.27.3 Extraction and assay of antioxidant enzymes
1.27.4 Extraction and assessment of glutathione (GSH) contents
1.27.5 Assessment of photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein, and proline contents
1.27.6 Estimation of H_2O_2, MDA and electrolyte leakage
1.27.7 Analysis of relative expression of genes by using RT-qPCR
1.27.8 Soil and plant nutrients
1.27.9 Soil laboratory analysis
1.27.10 Statistical analysis
1.28 Results
1.28.1 Passivators enhances the Pb and Cd-induced inhibition of sesame seedling growthand photosynthesis pigments
1.28.2 Passivators maintains the membrane integrity by suppressing the H_2O_2, MDAcontent and EL under Pb and Cd stress
1.28.3 Passivators efficiently downregulate the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant
1.28.4 Impact of Passivators, Pb and Cd on genes expression
1.28.5 Effect of passivators on soluble protein and proline content under Pb and Cd stress
1.28.6 Passivators application improves soil and plant nutrients and suppresses Pb andCd uptake
1.28.7 pH and EC of soll
1.28.8 SBET, CaCl_2 and TCLP extractable Pb and Cd of soil
1.29 Discussion
1.30 Conclusion
Chapter Ⅵ Conclusions and future directions
1.31 General conclusions
1.32 Future perspectives
References
Publications arising from this dissertation
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Elemental Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Iron-Manganese Nodules in Main Soils of China[J]. TAN Wen-Feng, LIU Fan, LI Yong-Hua, HU Hong-Qing and HUANG Qiao-Yun College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 (China). E-mail: tanwf@mail. hzau. edu. cn Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 (China). Pedosphere. 2006(01)
本文编号：3590006
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