N,P共掺杂碳材料的制备及电容脱盐性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 10:33

本文关键词：N,P共掺杂碳材料的制备及电容脱盐性能研究　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水资源短缺问题已成为全球最大的问题之一。随着人口增多,工业发展和气候变化,人们对淡水资源的需求越来越大。海水淡化是解决该问题的有效途径,传统的海水淡化方法有反渗透法和蒸馏法,但是传统方法存在高能耗高成本的缺点。电容脱盐(Capacitive Deionization)是一种基于电化学双电层理论的新型脱盐方法。该方法成本低,能耗小,工艺设备简单易操作,为低成本的脱盐开辟了新的路径,从而引起了人们的关注。碳材料由于其特殊的性质而成为电容脱盐电极最常采用的材料,目前已有多种新型碳材料如活性炭、石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳气凝胶等已被用于制备电容脱盐的电极材料,新型电极材料的开发已成为国内外的研究热点。寻找制备方法简单且具有较高脱盐效率的电极材料仍然是一项紧迫的任务。本文的内容主要包括新型杂原子掺杂多孔碳材料的制备、形貌及结构表征、电化学表征以及脱盐性能的考察,具体内容如下:(1)采用柚子皮作为碳源,在NH4H2PO4和KHCO3的双活化作用下,成功设计并合成出N和P元素共掺杂的介/微孔复合碳材料,并用作电容脱盐电极材料。所获得的N和P共掺杂的介/微孔复合碳材料的比表面积高达2360 m2/g,介孔率达到52%。该材料拥有高比电容,低内阻和良好的润湿性等特点。在不同的电容脱盐测试条件下表现出很好的电容脱盐性能。在1000 mg/L的NaCl溶液中、施加1.4 V的电压,该脱盐电极的脱盐量能够达到20.78 mg/g。该电极还有良好的循环再生性能。这些良好的性能都要归功于优越的介/微孔结构和良好的润湿性。因此,N和P共掺杂的介/微孔碳材料在电容脱盐电极材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。(2)以植酸和三聚氰胺在室温下自组装后得到的白色沉淀物为碳源,通过加入铁盐催化,在900oC高温煅烧下得到石墨化程度较高的N和P共掺杂的类石墨烯结构。该材料拥有1320 m2/g的高比表面积,良好的电化学性能和润湿性。在脱盐测试中,NaCl溶液的浓度为500 mg/L,施加1.4 V的电压,脱盐速率为40mL/min,该脱盐电极的脱盐量能够达到21mg/g。此外,该电极还具有良好的循环再生性能。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources has become one of the biggest problems in the world. With the increase of population, industrial development and climate change, the demand for fresh water resources is increasing. Desalination is an effective way to solve this problem. The traditional desalination methods include reverse osmosis and distillation. But the traditional method has the disadvantage of high energy consumption and high cost. It is a new desalination method based on electrochemical double layer theory, which has low cost. Low energy consumption, simple and easy to operate process equipment, opened up a new path for low-cost desalination, which has attracted people's attention. Because of its special properties, carbon materials have become the most commonly used materials for capacitive desalting electrodes. At present, many new carbon materials, such as activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes and carbon aerogels, have been used to prepare electrode materials for capacitor desalination. The development of new electrode materials has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. It is still an urgent task to find electrode materials with simple preparation method and high desalination efficiency. Preparation of porous carbon materials. Morphology and structure characterization, electrochemical characterization and desalination performance were investigated. The specific contents were as follows: 1) grapefruit peel was used as carbon source under the dual activation of NH4H2PO4 and KHCO3. The N and P co-doped mesoporous composite carbon materials were successfully designed and synthesized. The N and P co-doped mesoporous composite carbon materials have a specific surface area of 2360 m2 / g and a mesoporous ratio of 52. The material has a high specific capacitance. The characteristics of low internal resistance and good wettability show good capacitance desalting performance under different capacitance desalting test conditions. In 1 000 mg/L NaCl solution, the voltage of 1. 4 V is applied. The desalination capacity of the desalted electrode can reach 20.78. The electrode also has good recycling and regeneration properties. These good properties are due to the excellent dielectric / micropore structure and good wettability. The N and P co-doped mesoporous carbon materials have a broad application prospect in the field of capacitive desalination electrode materials. The white precipitates obtained from phytic acid and melamine at room temperature are used as carbon source. The graphene structure with high degree of graphitization was obtained by the addition of ferric salt under high temperature calcination at 900oC. The material has a high specific surface area of 1320 m2 / g. In the desalination test, the concentration of NaCl solution is 500 mg / L, the voltage is 1.4 V, and the desalination rate is 40 mL / min. The desalination capacity of the desalted electrode can reach 21 mg / g. In addition, the desalination electrode has good recycling and regeneration performance.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.4;P747

【相似文献】