玛纳斯河流域平原水库渗漏对地下水的影响分析

发布时间：2018-01-09 18:08

本文关键词：玛纳斯河流域平原水库渗漏对地下水的影响分析　出处：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新疆平原水库能有效缓解灌区内水资源时空分布不均的问题,对灌区农业的发展意义重大。前期研究表明水库渗漏是导致平原水库周边地下水水位上升,土地盐碱化、大坝失事等的主要因素。因此,探究平原水库与地下水之间的相互补给关系,分析平原水库渗漏对地下水水位、水量的影响,对水库管理与安全运行、库区周边土壤盐碱化防治等具有显著意义。研究以玛纳斯河流域的蘑菇湖水库、大泉沟水库及库区周边区域为新疆平原水库群的典型代表,以地下水动力学、同位素水文学为指导,以同位素水文学法、数值模拟法为手段,探究库水与地下水的转化关系,探讨水库不同运行工况下,水库渗漏对库区周边地下水水位及水量的影响。结论如下:(1)水库水、地下水的同位素组成均落在乌鲁木齐降水线附近,说明共同补给源为降水,且水体不同时期的同位素关系斜率均小于当地降水线斜率,表明均受到蒸发分馏作用。水库水与库区周边地下水的同位素关系为:水库地下水;两者同位素变化趋势一致,即5月δ18O7月δ18O10月δ18O,二者存在相对密切的水力联系。(2)地下水总补给量为13445.27万m3。其中地下水侧向补给为7088.75万m3,占总补给量的57.72%;垂向补给量为4108.53万m3,占总补给量的30.55%。垂向补给量中水库渗漏量为2247.99万m3,占总补给量比例为16.72%。地下水的主要排泄方式为人工开采,占总排泄量比例为54.65%。(3)水库水位始终保持正常蓄水位时,水库渗漏量最大,对库区周边的地下水水位影响最大,月最大增幅为1.04m。水库周边的地下水水位动态变化受水库渗漏与地下水开采量综合影响。增加库区周边的地下水开采量有助于降低库区周边土壤盐渍化的发生概率。(4)水库正常蓄水位、历年最低蓄水位、运行水位工况时,地下水对水库的补给量分别为10.45万m3、729.94万m3、24.69万m3。地下水对水库的补给量受水库水位与地下水水位共同作用。春灌期,当两者水位差较小时,水库渗漏呈下降趋势,地下水补给量呈增加趋势;夏灌期,水位差过大时,水库渗漏补给对地下水补给量增加。水库水位与地下水位之差是影响两者转化关系及转化量的主要影响因素。水库渗漏对地下水的补给量与水位差呈正相关关系,地下水对水库的补给量与水位差呈负相关关系。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang plain reservoir can effectively alleviate the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in irrigation area, which is of great significance to the development of agriculture in irrigation area. The main factors such as land salinization and dam failure are discussed. Therefore, the relationship between plain reservoir and groundwater supply is explored, and the influence of reservoir leakage on groundwater level and water volume is analyzed. It has significant significance for reservoir management and safe operation, soil salinization control and so on around the reservoir area. The mushroom lake reservoir in Manas River basin is studied. Daquanggou Reservoir and its surrounding area are typical representatives of Xinjiang Plain Reservoir Group, guided by groundwater dynamics, isotopic hydrology, isotope hydrology and numerical simulation. This paper probes into the relationship between reservoir water and groundwater conversion, and discusses the influence of reservoir leakage on groundwater level and quantity of groundwater around the reservoir area under different operating conditions. The conclusion is as follows: 1) Reservoir water. The isotopic composition of groundwater falls near the precipitation line in Urumqi, indicating that the common recharge source is precipitation, and the slope of isotopic relationship in different periods of the water body is smaller than that of the local precipitation line. The isotopic relationship between reservoir water and groundwater around the reservoir area is as follows: groundwater of reservoir; The isotopic variation trend of both is consistent, that is, 未 18O _ (18) O in 未 _ (18) O _ (7) July in May. The total recharge of groundwater is one hundred and thirty-four million four hundred and fifty-two thousand and seven hundred m3, in which the lateral recharge of groundwater is seventy million eight hundred and eighty-seven thousand and five hundred m3. 57.72% of the total supplement; The vertical recharge is forty-one million eighty-five thousand and three hundred m3, which accounts for 30.55% of the total supply. The leakage of the reservoir is twenty-two million four hundred and seventy-nine thousand and nine hundred m3 in the vertical replenishment. The main discharge mode of groundwater is artificial exploitation, and the proportion of total discharge is 54.65. The leakage of the reservoir is the largest, and the influence on the groundwater level around the reservoir area is the greatest. The maximum monthly increase is 1.04m.The dynamic change of groundwater level around the reservoir is affected by the reservoir leakage and groundwater exploitation. Increasing the groundwater exploitation around the reservoir area is helpful to reduce the soil salinization around the reservoir area. The probability of occurrence. 4) the normal water level of the reservoir. When the water level is the lowest in the past years, the groundwater supply to the reservoir is 104,500 m ~ 3, seven million two hundred and ninety-nine thousand and four hundred m ~ 3 respectively. The groundwater supply to the reservoir is affected by the water level of the reservoir and the groundwater level. In spring irrigation period, when the difference between the two water levels is small, the leakage of the reservoir tends to decrease. The groundwater recharge shows an increasing trend; In summer irrigation period, the water level difference is too big. The difference between the reservoir water level and the groundwater level is the main factor that affects the conversion relationship and the conversion quantity. There is a positive correlation between the water level difference and the reservoir leakage recharge to the groundwater. . There is a negative correlation between groundwater recharge and water level difference.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641;TV697

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