多源数据联合处理在地表形变监测中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 11:13

  本文关键词：多源数据联合处理在地表形变监测中的应用研究　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

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【摘要】：高精度的地表形变是地震孕震机理研究的必要信息,GPS和精密水准作为优秀的空间大地测量手段,分别在水平和竖直方向的地表形变探测上有着良好的应用效果。但GPS和精密水准观测因为建设和观测成本高使得其布设密度有限,空间分布上较为离散,尤其在山区等困难地区,其布设密度无法保证,而且观测难度也会激增。合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的诞生和发展,尤其是DInSAR和PS-InSAR技术方法的应用,使大空间尺度、高空间分辨率的地表形变信息探测成为可能,但其获得的形变结果是各个方向形变量在雷达视线方向(LOS方向)的投影,无法真实反映地表形变信息。GPS、精密水准、InSAR三种技术所获资料进行联合处理可以弥补单一手段的弊端,得到更为可靠的地表三维形变场信息。本文以我国重点强震区(构造区)西南天山地区为实验区,收集整理了该区域内同期或相近期的GPS、精密水准、PS-InSAR三种观测资料,分别进行解算处理获得研究区的形变速率结果,其中精密水准动态平差过程利用GPS连续站垂直方向速率进行了约束,以减弱基准选定和长距离观测误差积累带来的影响。而后,利用GPS解算的水平速率和水准获取的垂向速率,对InSAR视线向形变速率进行修正和联合约束处理,最终获得了地表高空间分辨率的三维形变速度场。实验结果表明西南天山地区水平方向形变呈西北向,形变速率幅度约为-2~3mm/yr;垂直形变呈现山体褶皱隆升,谷地下降趋势,形变速率幅度约为-3~2mm/yr。此结果与多位学者的已有研究结果一致。文中还以GPS、精密水准结果为参考对实验结果进行了精度分析,证明了本文应用的GPS/精密水准/InSAR观测资料联合处理方法的可行性和可靠性。最终获取的形变分布特征与区域内地质构造的空间分布有着一定的联系,对该地区长时间以来的地质构造、板块运动趋势及应力推断有一定的论证作用。
[Abstract]:The surface deformation in high precision is necessary to study the seismogenic mechanism of information, GPS and precise leveling as space geodetic means excellent, respectively. Surface deformation detection in horizontal and vertical direction has a good effect. But GPS and precise leveling for construction and observation of high cost makes its layout density, spatial distribution more discrete, especially in mountainous areas and other difficult areas, the layout density cannot be guaranteed, and the observation difficulty will surge. The birth and development of synthetic aperture radar interferometry, especially the application of DInSAR and PS-InSAR techniques, the large spatial scale, high spatial resolution of surface deformation information detection is possible, but the deformation the result is all directions form variable in radar gaze direction (LOS direction) of the projection, not a true reflection of the surface deformation information of.GPS, InSAR three kinds of precision water. The information processing technology can make up for a single means of abuse, to obtain more reliable information of 3D surface deformation field. This paper focus on strong earthquake zone in China (construction area) in Southwest Tianshan area for experimentation area, collected in the region over the same period or recent GPS, precise leveling, PS-InSAR three kinds of observation data. Respectively calculate processing to obtain the deformation rate of the study area, the precision level dynamic adjustment process using continuous GPS vertical rate were bound to weaken the influence of base selection and long distance observation error accumulation. Then, the level of rate and level are solved by GPS to obtain the vertical rate of the InSAR line of sight to the rate of deformation correction and joint constraint processing, finally obtained the 3D surface deformation velocity field with high spatial resolution. The experimental results show that the horizontal deformation in Southwest Tianshan area In the north-west, the strain rate range is about -2~3mm/yr; the vertical deformation shows mountain fold uplift, valley downward trend, the strain rate range is about -3~2mm/yr. with the result of a number of scholars have research results. This paper uses GPS, precision level results for the reference of the precision analysis of the experimental results, proved the feasibility and reliability of combined processing method of GPS/ precision level /InSAR data used in this paper. The spatial distribution characteristics of geological structure and regional deformation distribution eventually obtained in a certain relation, the geological structure in the area since a long time, the plate movement trend and stress have demonstrated inference function.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.7
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本文编号：1405043