艾比湖湿地景观格局变化与生态服务价值关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 07:29

本文关键词：艾比湖湿地景观格局变化与生态服务价值关系研究　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湿地是介于水生态系统和陆生生态系统的过度型生态系统,不仅具有调蓄水源、净化水质等生态功能,同时在维护区域生态平衡和生境安全,维持生物多样性等方面也发挥着重要作用。本文研究区艾比湖湿地属干旱内陆湖泊,已成为新疆继塔里木河流域之后第二大生态脆弱区,艾比湖湿地生态环境的恶劣已严重威胁到天山北坡经济带和亚欧大陆桥新疆段社会经济的可持续发展。干旱内陆湖泊湿地的景观格局变化和生态系统服务具有多样性、典型性等特点,但由于干旱区内陆湖泊的湿地生态系统生物生产量相对较低,易被忽视,对其定量评估的相关研究报道也较少。究其干旱内陆湖泊湿地生态系统为人类提供了多大规模的服务,以及生态服务与景观格局变化间的关系又如何?为此,本文以新疆艾比湖湿地为靶区,通过解译分析2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年遥感数据,基于景观生态学理论和千年生态系统评估体系,将研究区划分为11种景观类型,从物质产品、防风固沙、土壤保持和固碳释氧四个方面进行生态系统服务评价。研究结果表明:(1)景观类型动态度变化方面:2010~2015年各景观类型面积年际间增加波动较大,表明2010年以后艾比湖湿地各景观类型受自然、人为等交互干扰作用强烈,以建设用地景观、滩地景观和沼泽地景观表现最为显著。(2)景观指数变化方面:2000~2010年,艾比湖湿地各景观类型的斑块个数除草地、滩地、沙地和盐碱地外,其余各景观类型的斑块个数均表现出不同程度地增长趋势,2010~2015年,除滩地、建设用地、沼泽地和裸岩地四类景观斑块个数表现为增长趋势外,其余各景观类型的斑块个数呈递减趋势。景观斑块密度除沙地景观外在15a间均呈现出不同程度地增加趋势,尤以旱地农田景观最显著。(3)景观格局转移分析方面:2000~2005年,水体景观、盐碱地景观和沙地景观面积大幅减少,主要转向林地景观和滩地景观;2005~2010年,水体景观、林地景观和草地景观面积大幅减少,主要转向滩地景观;2010~2015年,盐碱地景观、滩地景观和草地景观面积大幅减少,主要转向旱地农田景观。(4)生态系统服务物质量方面:2000~2015年,防风固沙量以旱地农田景观增长最显著;土壤保持量以旱地农田景观、草地景观和盐碱地景观居首,其中2000年以草地景观的土壤保持量最大,之后均以旱地农田景观的土壤保持量最大;固碳释氧量以草地景观和盐碱地景观居首,二者固碳释氧量占各景观类型固碳释氧总和的46%以上,建设用地景观和水体景观固碳释氧量最少。(5)生态系统服务价值量方面:各景观类型的生态系统服务价值总量以旱地农田景观占主导,占各景观类型生态系统服务价值总量的49.97%;其次为盐碱地景观、草地景观和沙地景观;2000~2015年艾比湖湿地生态系统服务价值结构中,物质产品价值所占比重呈显著上升趋势,由2000年的16%上升至2015年的57%,上升了3.56倍。
[Abstract]:Wetland is an ecological system between aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem, not only has the storage water, water purification and ecological function, while maintaining regional ecological balance and habitat security, maintaining biodiversity and also play an important role. The research area of Ebinur Lake Wetland belongs to arid inland lakes, has become Xinjiang after the Tarim River Basin in second ecological fragile zone, ecological environment in Ebinur Lake Wetland bad AI has been a serious threat to the sustainable development of the economic belt on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and the Eurasian Continental Bridge section of Xinjiang economic and social services. The changes of landscape pattern and ecological system in arid inland lake wetland has the typical characteristics of diversity, etc., but because the production biological quantity of wetland ecosystem in arid areas of the lake are relatively low, easy to be ignored, the related research reports on the quantitative evaluation are rare. The arid inland lake Park wetland ecosystem provides many large-scale services for human beings, and the relationship between ecosystem services and landscape pattern change between how? For this, this paper takes Xinjiang Ebinur Lake wetland as a target area, through the interpretation and analysis of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 remote sensing data, the theory of landscape ecology and the Millennium ecosystem assessment system based on. The study area is divided into 11 landscape types, from the material products, windbreak and sand fixation, soil conservation and carbon fixation and oxygen release in four aspects of evaluation of ecosystem services. The results show that: (1) the dynamic change of landscape type: 2010~2015 area of different landscape types increased interannual fluctuations, shows that after the 2010 the landscape types of the Ebinur Lake wetland natural, man-made interference with strong interaction, construction land landscape, the landscape and the Everglades landscape was the most significant. (2) the landscape index change: 2000~201 0 years, the number of patches of different landscape types in Ebinur Lake Wetland in grassland, beach, Sandy and saline land, the number of patches of the rest of the landscape types showed different growth trend, 2010~2015 years, in addition to beach land, construction land, marsh and bare rock show four types of landscape patch number as the growth trend, the number of plaque presenting the rest of the landscape. The landscape patch density decreased in 15A between the external sandy landscape showed different degrees of increase, especially in the dry farmland landscape is the most significant. (3) the transfer of landscape pattern analysis: the water landscape, 2000~ 2005, saline alkali soil and sandy landscape landscape the area is greatly reduced, mainly to woodland landscape and beach landscape; 2005~2010, water landscape, forest landscape and grassland area decreased, mainly to the landscape; 2010~2015, saline bottomland landscape, landscape and grassland landscape Product is greatly reduced, mainly to farmland landscape. (4) ecosystem service quality: 2000~2015, the amount of farmland windbreak to landscape the most significant growth; quantity of soil conservation to farmland landscape, grassland landscape and saline landscape first, which in 2000 to grassland landscape of soil conservation is the largest, after all to farmland landscape soil conservation quantity; carbon fixation and oxygen release of grassland landscape and saline landscape topped two, carbon fixation and oxygen release of different landscape types accounted for more than 46% of the total carbon fixation and oxygen release, construction land landscape and water landscape of carbon fixation and oxygen release at least. (5) the ecosystem service value quantity the total ecosystem service value of different landscape types in farmland landscape dominated, accounted for a total of each type of landscape ecosystem service value of 49.97%; followed by saline grassland landscape, landscape and landscape of sand; 2000~2015 In the year of Ebinur lake ecosystem service value structure, the proportion of material product value increased significantly from 16% in 2000 to 57% in 2015, which increased 3.56 times.

【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901

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