浑善达克沙地3种治理模式植被恢复效益分析

发布时间：2018-01-13 07:48

本文关键词：浑善达克沙地3种治理模式植被恢复效益分析　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：浑善达克沙地的治理对当地生态环境有着重要的意义,植被恢复是防止其沙地扩张和缓解沙尘暴危害的有效途径。本研究通过对浑善达克沙地治理模式资料收集和植被恢复效益调查,总结出适合浑善达克沙地不同立地类型的3种植被恢复模式:飞播模式、围封模式和设置生物沙障模式,对各模式下群落植被恢复状况进行分析。结果表明:在沙地面积较为集中,植被盖度约为10%的平缓沙地或退化草场适合进行飞播造林。在飞播9a时群落物种数、平均高度、盖度、密度和地上生物量总体达到最大值,分别为68种、200.39cm、81.33%、85.31株/m2和1051g/m2;多年生植物比例在9a时也达到最大值,为57.4%;群落多样性和丰富度增大,群落结构复杂,群落稳定性增大。植被盖度在10%～15%的退化沙化草地适合进行围封模式。与对照区相比,群落的物种数、群落平均高度、盖度、密度和地上生物量在围封12a均达到最大值,分别为39种、125.33cm、72.7%、196.92株/m2和315.24g/m2;多年生植物比例最大值也出现于围封12a,为60.4%;群落多样性和丰富度指数增大,优势度指数降低。植被盖度在10%以下的流动沙丘及风沙严重、植被稀少地带适合设置生物沙障。在设置沙障6a时,物种数、群落盖度和密度达到最大,分别为22种、53.3%和45株/m2;在10a时群落高度和地上生物量达到最大,分别为173.37cm和581g/m2;多年生植物比例在6a时达最大,为45.5%;群落多样性和丰富度增加,优势现象较为明显。不同立地类型采取不同恢复措施会取得良好的植被效益。沙区情况复杂,单独运用某一种模式不能很全面的治理,在不同时期不同条件下,多种模式搭配使用,可以快速达到较好的植被恢复效果。同时后期的管护对维持植被的可持续发展也有着重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The management of Hunshandak sandy land is of great significance to the local ecological environment. Vegetation restoration is an effective way to prevent the spread of sandy land and mitigate the harm of sandstorm. This study investigated the benefits of vegetation restoration by collecting data on the management model of Hunshandake sandy land. Three models of planting restoration were summarized, which were suitable for different site types of Hunshandak sandy land: aerial seeding mode, enclosure mode and biological sand barrier model. The vegetation restoration status of community was analyzed under different models. The results showed that the area of sandy land was more concentrated. The flat sandy land or degraded grassland with a vegetation coverage of about 10% was suitable for aerial afforestation. After 9 years of aerial seeding, the species number, average height, coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the community reached the maximum. There were 68 species (200.39 cm ~ (-1)), 85.31 / m ~ (2) and 1051 g / m ~ (2), respectively. The proportion of perennial plants also reached the maximum at 9 years, 57.4%. The diversity and richness of the community increased, the structure of the community was complex, and the stability of the community was increased. The degraded desertification grassland with vegetation coverage of 10% or 15% was suitable for the enclosure model. Compared with the control area, the species number of the community was higher. The average height, coverage, density and aboveground biomass of the community reached the maximum at 12 years after enclosure, which were respectively 125.33 cm ~ (-1) (72.7%) of 39 species. 196.92 strains / m2 and 315.24g / m2; The maximum proportion of perennial plants also appeared in the enclosure for 12 years, which was 60.4; The diversity and richness index of community increased and the dominance index decreased. The moving sand dunes with vegetation coverage below 10% were serious, and it was suitable to set up biological sand barrier in the vegetation sparse area, and when the sand barrier was set up for 6 years. Species number, community coverage and density were the highest, which were 53.3% of 22 species and 45 / m2 of plants respectively. The community height and aboveground biomass were 173.37 cm and 581 g / m ~ (2), respectively. The proportion of perennial plants reached the highest at 6 years (45.5%). The diversity and richness of the community increased, the dominant phenomenon was obvious. Different site types of different restoration measures will achieve good vegetation benefits. The situation in sandy areas is complex. A single use of a model can not be very comprehensive governance, in different periods of time and different conditions, a variety of models with use. At the same time, the management and protection in the later stage also play an important role in maintaining the sustainable development of vegetation.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

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