东川地区滑坡危险性的遥感和GIS评价

发布时间：2018-01-13 13:14

本文关键词：东川地区滑坡危险性的遥感和GIS评价　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东川区位于云南省东北部,地处云贵高原北部,区内有小江河谷纵贯穿,气候受大气环流和地形影响,垂直分带明显,多出现局地性暴雨,极易发生滑坡。开展滑坡灾害调查,可以有效的了解该区域的滑坡特征及其发育规律,为灾害防治提供有利的证据。本文以东川区为例,结合GIS和遥感技术对该区的滑坡危险性做评价,并完成危险性区划图。论文以国土资源部组织的资源一号02C地质矿产与地质灾害环境应用模式及关键技术项目为依托,利用遥感和GIS技术处理分析了已有滑坡及相关影响因子,并运用信息量模型和基于确定性系数的逻辑回归模型分别计算滑坡的危险性,最后对评价结果进行危险性划区。论文的主要研究内容如下：1、统计已知滑坡在各因子分级中的分布情况及分级信息量和确定性系数值,分析得到滑坡易发条件：(1)高程：范围在800-2000m；(2)坡度：集中在30°-60°的范围内；(3)坡向：以西、西北、北为主；(4)曲率：小于-3的区域内；(5)到断层距离：1000m的范围内易发生滑坡；(6)到水系距离：500m的范围内滑坡易发；(7)岩石结构类型：块状硬质岩岩组,Pz；薄层状硬质岩夹与软质岩互层岩组,Pt2；半固结碎屑岩岩组,Kz这几种岩石类型是滑坡易发生的区域；(8)植被覆盖度：滑坡易发区植被覆盖度集中在0-0.3。2、利用曲线下面积得出,信息量模型的准确度78.32%,逻辑回归模型的准确度是71.54%,两种模型准确度都基本满足实际应用,其中信息量模型准确度更高。3、从评价结果中可以看出：高危险性及以上区域分布在研究区北部、东北部以及中部等河流覆盖的区域,区内北部有金沙江,东北部及中部地区有小江,属于小江流域范围,并且其处在活动的小江断裂带上,西部有普渡河断裂,区内地质活动剧烈,斜坡稳定性受地质活动影响较大；低危险性和极低危险性区域主要分布在研究区西部、东南部及西南部,该区域内海拔较高,地形坡度较缓或较陡,不易发生滑坡；中危险性区域位置分布在低危险区及高危险区之间。两种模型评价结果在中危险性和低危险性区域的划分处有差异。
[Abstract]:Dongchuan District is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, located in the northern part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. There are small river valleys in the region, the climate is affected by the atmospheric circulation and topography, the vertical zonation is obvious, and there are more local rainstorms. Landslide is easy to occur. The landslide disaster investigation can effectively understand the landslide characteristics and development rules in this area, and provide favorable evidence for disaster prevention and control. This paper takes Dongchuan District as an example. Combined with GIS and remote sensing technology, the landslide risk in this area is evaluated. And completed the hazard zoning map. The paper is based on the application model and key technology project of the resources 02C geological and mineral resources and geological disaster environment organized by the Ministry of Land and Resources. The landslide and related influencing factors were analyzed by remote sensing and GIS technology, and the landslide risk was calculated by using the information content model and the logical regression model based on deterministic coefficient. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The distribution of landslide in each factor classification, the amount of information and deterministic coefficient are analyzed. The landslide prone condition: 1) height: 800-2000m; (2) gradient: concentrated in the range of 30 掳-60 掳; Direction of slope: west, northwest and north; (4) curvature: within a region less than 3; (5) landslide is easy to occur in the range of 1: 1000m from fault to fault; (6) the landslide is easy to occur in the range of 1: 500m from the water system; Type of rock structure: block hard rock formation (PZ); Thin layer hard rock interbedded with soft rock, Pt2; The rock types K _ z of semi-consolidated clastic rock formation are prone to landslide. Vegetation coverage: the vegetation coverage in the landslide prone area is concentrated in 0-0.3.2. The accuracy of the information content model is 78.32% by using the area under the curve. The accuracy of the logical regression model is 71.54. The accuracy of the two models is basically satisfied with the practical application, and the accuracy of the information quantity model is higher than that of the latter. From the evaluation results, we can see that the high risk and above areas are distributed in the northern, northeast and central regions of the study area, there are Jinsha River in the north, small rivers in the northeast and central regions. It belongs to the Xiaojiang basin and is located on the active Xiaojiang fault zone. In the west there is Puduhe fault. The geological activity in the area is intense and the slope stability is greatly affected by the geological activities. The low-risk and extremely low-risk areas are mainly distributed in the west, southeast and southwest of the study area. The elevation of the region is higher, the slope of the terrain is slower or steeper, and the landslide is not easy to occur. The middle and low risk regions are located between the low and high risk areas, and the results of the two models are different in the division of the middle and low risk areas.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P642.22

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