湘江长株潭库区浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 13:47

本文关键词：湘江长株潭库区浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系研究　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湘江是湖南的母亲河,还是长江主要支流之一。湘江长株潭库区处于湘江干流9级开发的最下游两级-株洲航电枢纽至长沙市下游望城县境内的蔡家洲长沙综合枢纽之间,由南向北,全长132公里。2014年6月～2015年3月按春、夏、秋、冬对湘江长株潭库区进行了四次采样调查,8个采样点分别按上中下游的株洲段、湘潭段和长沙段设置。本文运用生物统计等方法对湘江长株潭库区浮游植物的种类及季节分布、密度和生物量、生物多样性指数等进行研究,同时利用SPSS相关性分析,对影响浮游植物的主要环境因子进行探究。主要研究结果如下：1.全年调查中共鉴定出浮游植物8门94属181种,其中最多为绿藻门40属64种,次之为硅藻门50种,裸藻门27种,蓝藻门18种,黄藻门6种,金藻门6种,甲藻门6种,隐藻门4种。湘江长株潭库区浮游植物种类的季节变化明显,浮游植物的种数呈现为秋季夏季春季冬季。其中,共发现常见种24个,以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,13个优势种,主要是硅藻门。全年优势种为变异直链藻(M.varians)和普通小球藻(C.vulgris)。2.湘江长株潭库区浮游植物种群丰度和生物量全年变化显著,全年各季节丰度总值在11.22 X 104cells/L-26.75 X 104cells/L之间波动,秋季最高,其次为夏季和春季,最低为冬季。全年各季节生物量总值波动于0.0447mg/L-2.0918mg/L,变化趋势为秋季冬季夏季春季。3.调查期间,湘江长株潭库区浮游植物生物多样性指数中,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H的各季节平均值变化范围为2.82～4.27,年均值为3.84,最高点出现在秋季,最低点出现在冬季。Margalef丰富度指数D各季节平均变化范围为0.82-4.48,年均值为2.89,峰值出现在秋季,最小值在冬季。Pielou均匀度指数J各季节平均变化范围为0.71-0.84,年均为0.77,冬季最高,秋季最低。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H的各流段平均值变化范围为4.27～3.21,年均值为3.84。Margalef丰富度指数D各流段平均变化范围为2.48～3.33,年均值为2.89。Pielou均匀度指数J各流段平均变化范围为0.69～0.8,年均为0.77。各个多样性指数在三个流段均表现为湘潭段长沙段株洲段。4.从全年看,湘江长株潭库区浮游植物种类与亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关,D与pH及透明度呈显著正相关。在不同季度中,春季种类数和丰度与总氮呈显著正相关,与透明度呈显著负相关；H与叶绿素a呈显著正相关；D与溶氧呈显著负相关。夏季H与亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关,与透明度呈显著负相关。冬季H与亚硝酸盐呈显著负相关。秋季浮游植物丰度与叶绿素a呈显著性正相关；H与总氮、总磷、亚硝酸盐呈显著正相关。5.通过三种生物多样性指数对湘江长株潭库区水质进行综合评价得出,湘江长株潭库区水质处在α-中污带,在季节上水质情况为秋季夏季春季冬季,流段水质情况为湘潭段长沙段株洲段。
[Abstract]:Xiangjiang River is the mother river of Hunan. Xiangjiang Changzhou-Zhutan reservoir area is located between the Zhuzhou Navigation and electricity Hub and the Caijiazhou Changsha Comprehensive Hub in Wangcheng County, downstream of Changsha City, from south to north. From June 2014 to March 2015, four sampling surveys were conducted in Changzhutan Reservoir area of Xiangjiang River according to spring, summer, autumn and winter, and 8 sampling points were collected according to Zhuzhou section of upper, middle and lower reaches respectively. In this paper, the species and seasonal distribution, density, biomass and biodiversity index of phytoplankton in Chang-Zhuzhou-Xiangjiang reservoir area were studied by means of biometrics. At the same time, the main environmental factors affecting phytoplankton were studied by SPSS correlation analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. A total of 181 species of phytoplankton belonging to 94 genera and 8 phyla were identified in the whole year. Among them, most of them are 64 species belonging to 40 genera of Chlorophyta, followed by 50 species of Diatom, 27 species of Phaeophyta, 18 species of Cyanophyta, 6 species of phylum xanthophyta, 6 species of Chlorophyta and 6 species of Prorophyta. The seasonal variation of phytoplankton species in Changzhutan reservoir area of Xiangjiang River is obvious, and the species number of phytoplankton is autumn, summer, spring and winter. Among them, 24 common species were found, mainly Chlorophyta and diatom phylum. 13 dominant species. The dominant species in the year are M. variansa and C. vulgris. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton population in Changzhutan reservoir area of Xiangjiang River changed significantly throughout the year. The total abundance of each season in the whole year fluctuated between 11.22 X 104 cells / L -26.75 X 104 cells / L, the highest in autumn, followed by summer and spring. The lowest is winter. The total biomass of the whole year fluctuates from 0.0447 mg / L to 2.0918 mg / L, and the variation trend is autumn, winter, summer and spring. The seasonal mean value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the biodiversity index of phytoplankton in Changzhutan reservoir area of Xiangjiang River is 2.82 ~ 4.27. The annual mean was 3.84, the highest point appeared in autumn, and the lowest point appeared in winter. Margalef richness index D ranged from 0.82-4.48 in each season, and the annual average was 2.89. The peak value appears in autumn, the minimum value is in winter. Pielou evenness index J varies from 0.71-0.84 in each season, and the average annual value is 0.77, which is the highest in winter. The mean value of the lowest. Shannon-Wiener diversity index H in autumn was 4.27 卤3.21. The annual mean value is 3.84. Margalef richness index D has an average variation range of 2.48 and 3.33. The annual mean value is 2.89 Pielou evenness index J and the average range of variation is 0.690.8.The annual mean value is 2.89 Pielou evenness index J. The average annual value is 0.77. The diversity indices in the three sections are shown as Zhuzhou section of Changsha section in Xiangtan section. The phytoplankton species and nitrite in Xiangjiang Chang-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan reservoir area are significantly positively correlated with each other in the whole year. D was positively correlated with pH and transparency. In different seasons, the number and abundance of species in spring were positively correlated with total nitrogen and negatively correlated with transparency. H was positively correlated with chlorophyll a; D was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, and H was positively correlated with nitrite in summer. There was a significant negative correlation between H and nitrite in winter and a positive correlation between phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a in autumn. H was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen, total phosphorus and nitrite. Through comprehensive evaluation of water quality in Xiangjiang Changsha-Zhutan reservoir area by three biodiversity indices, it was concluded that the water quality of Xiangjiang Chang-Zhuzhoutan reservoir area was in the 伪 -medium pollution zone. In the season, the water quality is autumn, summer, spring and winter, and the water quality in the flow section is the Zhuzhou section of Changsha section in Xiangtan section.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948.8

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