嫁接茄子根际土壤微生物特性及黄萎病抗性研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:05

本文关键词：嫁接茄子根际土壤微生物特性及黄萎病抗性研究　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：茄子是我国大面积栽培的常用蔬菜,茄子黄萎病是一种典型的土传病害,给茄子生产带来巨大损失。本试验以茄子根际土壤为试验材料,其中'托鲁巴姆'野生茄品种为砧木,感病品种'西安绿茄'为接穗,一共设置四个处理:西安绿茄自根苗为对照(CK);嫁接处理的嫁接苗(B);接种黄萎菌的嫁接苗(GB);接种黄萎菌的自根苗(GA)。通过分析接种黄萎菌和嫁接对不同时期茄子根际土壤酶活性和土壤理化性质的影响,和不同时期各处理根际土壤微生物数量以及微生物群落结构,来探讨嫁接茄子抗黄萎病与根际土壤微生物群落结构的关系,为解决茄子连作障碍打下基础,为茄子病害的生物防治提供依据。试验的主要结果如下:1.不同处理对茄子根际土壤理化性质的影响有显著的差异性。嫁接可使茄子根际土壤pH值升高且嫁接苗根际土壤中有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷的含量均显著高于自根苗。接种黄萎菌的自根茄根际土壤pH、有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量与对照相比明显降低。嫁接可以有效改善植株根际土壤理化性质,而接种黄萎菌可使植株根际土壤理化性质下降。2.茄子接种黄萎菌后,根际土壤多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性升高,过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性降低,接种黄萎菌可有效降低茄子根际土壤脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。嫁接茄的根际土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、脱氢酶的活性始终显著高于自根茄。茄子通过嫁接可有效提高脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,进而表现为抗黄萎病。根际土壤酶活性与嫁接茄子黄萎病抗性密切相关。3.嫁接茄子根际土壤真菌和放线菌数量比自根茄高,细菌数量比自根茄低。通过嫁接可以降低茄子根际细菌的数量,增加真菌和放线菌的数量。接种黄萎菌后,根际土壤微生物数量均显著增加。根际细菌数量与嫁接抗病性有一定的相关性,嫁接茄子之所以抗病可能是因为嫁接可以减缓茄子根际土壤中细菌数量的增加,从而使其抗病。4.嫁接可使茄子根际土壤微生物利用碳源的能力增强,使根际土壤微生物分布均匀,且增加优势度;茄子主要利用的是氨基酸类碳源,而嫁接可以提高茄子根际土壤微生物对氨基酸类碳源的利用,接种黄萎菌可使茄子根际土壤微生物对氨基酸类碳源的利用降低。通过嫁接可以增强茄子根际土壤微生物对氨基酸类碳源的利用进而使茄子产生抗病性;要想研究嫁接茄子抗黄萎病与根际土壤微生物群落多样性的关系就要选用开花期和现蕾期的根际土壤进行分析,这样可以减小误差,增加试验结果准确性。
[Abstract]:Eggplant verticillium wilt (Verticillium wilt) is a typical soil-borne disease, which brings great loss to eggplant production. 'Torubam' wild eggplant variety as rootstock, susceptible variety'Xi'an green eggplant'as scion, a total of four treatments: Xi'an green eggplant self-root seedling as control CK; Grafted seedlings; Grafted seedlings inoculated with Fusarium wilt; The effects of inoculation and grafting on soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties of eggplant at different stages were analyzed. The relationship between resistance to Verticillium wilt and rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of grafted eggplant was discussed in order to lay a foundation for solving the obstacle of continuous cropping of eggplant. The main results of the experiment are as follows:. 1. The effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties of eggplant rhizosphere were significantly different. Grafting could increase pH value of eggplant rhizosphere soil and organic matter in grafted seedling rhizosphere soil. The contents of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly higher than those of self-rooted seedlings. The pH, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus of root solanum soil inoculated with wilt fungus were significantly higher than those of self-rooted seedlings. The content of available potassium was significantly lower than that of the control. Grafting could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, while inoculation with Fusarium wilt could decrease the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of eggplant. 2. After inoculating eggplant with Fusarium wilt, the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of eggplant were decreased. In rhizosphere soil, the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase increased, while the activities of catalase and dehydrogenase decreased. Inoculation with Fusarium wilt could effectively reduce the activities of dehydrogenase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of eggplant, and the grafted eggplant rhizosphere soil had polyphenol oxidase, catalase and peroxidase. The activity of dehydrogenase was significantly higher than that of self-rooted eggplant, and the activity of dehydrogenase and catalase could be effectively increased by grafting eggplant. The enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil was closely related to the resistance of grafted eggplant to Verticillium wilt. The number of fungi and actinomycetes in grafted eggplant rhizosphere was higher than that in self-rooted eggplant. The number of bacteria is lower than that of self-rooted eggplant. Grafting can reduce the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of eggplant and increase the number of fungi and actinomycetes. The number of rhizosphere bacteria was significantly increased in rhizosphere soil. There was a certain correlation between the number of rhizosphere bacteria and grafting resistance. The reason of grafting eggplant disease may be that grafting can slow down the increase of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of eggplant. The ability of utilizing carbon source in rhizosphere soil of eggplant could be enhanced by grafting, and the distribution of microorganism in rhizosphere soil was even and the dominance was increased. The amino acid carbon source was mainly used in eggplant, and grafting could improve the utilization of amino acid carbon source by microorganism in rhizosphere soil of eggplant. The utilization of amino acid carbon in eggplant rhizosphere soil can be decreased by inoculation of wilt fungus, and the utilization of amino acid carbon source in eggplant rhizosphere soil can be enhanced by grafting. In order to study the relationship between resistance to Verticillium wilt and diversity of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil of grafted eggplant, the rhizosphere soil at flowering and budding stages should be selected for analysis, which can reduce the error and increase the accuracy of the test results.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.411;S154.3

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