气溶胶对城市热岛效应的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 14:36

本文关键词： 热岛强度气溶胶地表温度梯度场 MODIS 风云三号　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国在飞速发展的城市化的过程中,城市的环境问题成为城市可持续性发展的重要关注问题。其中城市热岛现象是城市环境问题中较为严重的现象之一。气溶胶是自然环境与人类活动的联合产物,近些年来人造气溶胶对于环境影响越来越大,这些人造气溶胶某种程度上增强了太阳辐射的散射和吸收,同时对太阳辐射量在大气和到达到地球的表面的吸收产生影响,对城市热岛效应产生某种影响。本文就气溶胶对热岛效应强度的影响问题,运用遥感和GIS技术,依据多种遥感影像数据,获取气溶胶光学厚度与城市热岛强度两个待研究变量,最后对两者进行分析,获取气溶胶对城市热岛强度的影响状况,并根据相关资料对其影响机制进行分析。具体实现是以2014年全年武汉市的13个市辖区作为研究对象,对研究区的基本情况进行调查确定研究区域和区域划分,此后按照旬、月份、季度为时间单位的数据准备。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)不依赖于其他数据的气溶胶光学厚度研究。针对计算叶面积指数的经验正交函数地表反射率研究方法,进行适当的改进,采用更符合我国国情的全国土地地表类型分类库作为数据向量支持,用到气溶胶光学厚度的研究中,提出一种不依赖于光度计站的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度反演法,最终获取试验区武汉市13个市辖区的气溶胶数据。(2)提出一种国产卫星获取温度的方法。用协同克里金插值法结合FY-3C卫星数据和地面自动站数据,充分结合自动站的真实气温观测值和卫星影像数据的优势,给出实验区的温度反演。(3)热岛强度衡量指标的研究及热岛强度评价的获取。根据温度反演的结果,依据绝对热岛强度计算公式,计算出绝对热岛强度(AIUH)、城市热岛强度指数(IUH)和热岛强度比例指数(IUHI)。(4)气溶胶对热岛强度影响的数学模型研究。尝试运用散点空间分析、相关性分析、回归分析以及密度分割后的梯度场模拟研究的模型方法,就气溶胶对城市热岛强度的影响情况展开统计研究,最终得到相关结论。根据上述研究内容,我们发现选取的正交经验函数反演的结果与地基Aeronet站点基本一致,地表温度也与地面站点气温基本一致,两种反演算法均具有一定可靠性。且发现气溶胶是吸收热辐射的作用,对热岛强度主要为正相关,城区影响大于郊区。在季节交换的少数月份呈负相关。环境问题的监测是一个广泛的问题。本文仅从一个角度一个城市出发,展开了气溶胶对热岛强度的影响研究,提供了一个运用遥感和GIS技术的完整的环境监测的实际案例,本文力图给出一个连贯系统的研究实验方法,希望能为进一步的多方面的环境监测研究起到抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:China is developing rapidly in the process of urbanization. Urban environmental problems have become an important concern of urban sustainable development, among which urban heat island phenomenon is one of the more serious urban environmental problems. Aerosol is a joint product of natural environment and human activities. In recent years, artificial aerosols have become more and more important to the environment. To some extent, these aerosols have enhanced the scattering and absorption of solar radiation. At the same time, it has an effect on the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere and on the surface of the earth, and on the urban heat island effect. In this paper, the influence of aerosol on the intensity of the heat island effect is discussed. Using remote sensing and GIS technology, according to various remote sensing image data, the aerosol optical thickness and the intensity of urban heat island are obtained. Finally, the two variables are analyzed. The influence of aerosol on the intensity of urban heat island is obtained, and the influence mechanism of aerosol on urban heat island is analyzed according to the relevant data. The specific realization is based on 13 municipal districts of Wuhan city in 2014 as the research object. The basic conditions of the study area were investigated to determine the study area and regional division, and then according to ten days and months. Quarterly data preparation for time units. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1). Study on aerosol optical thickness independent of other data. Empirical orthogonal function method for calculating leaf area index. With the appropriate improvement, the national land surface type classification database, which is more suitable for China's national conditions, is used as the data vector support for the study of aerosol optical thickness. A MODIS aerosol optical thickness inversion method is proposed, which is independent of the photometer station. Finally obtain aerosol data from 13 municipal districts of Wuhan city. In this paper, a method of acquiring temperature by domestic satellites is presented, which combines FY-3C satellite data with ground automatic station data by using cooperative Kriging interpolation method. The advantages of real temperature observation and satellite image data of automatic station are fully combined. The research on the measurement index of heat island intensity and the acquisition of heat island intensity evaluation are given. According to the result of temperature inversion, the calculation formula of absolute heat island strength is given. The absolute heat island strength (AIUH) is calculated. Mathematical model of the influence of aerosols on the intensity of urban heat island (IUH) and heat island intensity ratio index (IUH4). Regression analysis and the model method of gradient field simulation after density segmentation, the influence of aerosol on the intensity of urban heat island is studied statistically, and finally the relevant conclusions are obtained. We find that the inversion results of the orthogonal empirical function are basically consistent with the ground Aeronet site, and the surface temperature is basically the same with the surface temperature. The two inversion algorithms are both reliable, and it is found that the aerosol absorbs the heat radiation, and the intensity of the heat island is mainly positively correlated. The impact of urban areas is greater than that of suburbs. There is a negative correlation in a few months of seasonal exchange. Monitoring of environmental problems is a widespread problem. The effect of aerosol on the intensity of heat island is studied, and a complete case of environmental monitoring using remote sensing and GIS technology is provided. This paper tries to give a coherent and systematic experimental method. It is hoped that it will be helpful to the further study of environmental monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X16;X513

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