涠洲岛珊瑚骨骼微量元素的时、空特征及其控制因素

发布时间：2018-01-20 08:51

本文关键词： 珊瑚微量元素种间差异空间差异石油污染环境历史　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：涠洲岛的珊瑚礁位于南海珊瑚礁分布的北缘,其特殊的地理位置使得当地珊瑚礁更易受到气候及人类活动的复合影响。珊瑚是良好的环境记录载体,其骨骼中的微量元素被广泛的应用于记录当地环境条件。我们选取涠洲岛珊瑚礁区生长年代较长的滨珊瑚及不同站位的各类珊瑚,通过测定其元素含量来探讨当地环境的时、空特征。(1)与其他礁区相比,涠洲岛珊瑚骨骼中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr4种元素的含量水平较低,而Zn相对较高。含量结果及统计分析表明,涠洲岛西岸珊瑚骨骼的元素含量高于东岸的结果与西部海域的石油平台、船舶运输及岛上石油终端处理厂有关;Pb、Cd与西南海域石油平台的污染物释放有关,Cu、Cr与当地繁忙的航运船只船体化学反应释放及海岛西岸各类工业污染排放有关,Zn与岛上石油工业的废水排放有关。(2)Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr5种元素在涠洲岛3种珊瑚中的富集存在着种间差异性,帛琉蜂巢珊瑚对Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd的富集作用最强,十字牡丹珊瑚对Pb的富集作用最强;十字牡丹珊瑚对Cu、Zn、Cr的富集作用最弱,而澄黄滨珊瑚对Pb与Cd的富集作用最弱。各类元素含量的最高值易出现在蜂巢珊瑚科及菌珊瑚科,最低值易出现在滨珊瑚科,这与前两科珊瑚具有相对大的表面积及孔隙度有关。(3)滨珊瑚骨骼V/Ca的年代序列重建了当地32年的石油污染物释放历史,V/Ca的波动与涠洲岛各油田开发阶段钻井液的大量排放及投产后含油废水排放有关;除V外,珊瑚骨骼中Cu、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cd的含量波动也源自石油污染物释放。涠洲岛珊瑚骨骼V/Ca的值为现有研究结果中最高,这与当地的石油污染物水平及实验选取的珊瑚清洗方法有密切联系。
[Abstract]:The coral reef of Weizhou Island is located in the northern margin of coral reef distribution in the South China Sea, and its special geographical location makes the coral reef in Weizhou Island more vulnerable to the complex influence of climate and human activities. Coral is a good environmental record carrier. The trace elements in the bone are widely used to record the local environmental conditions. We select the coastal corals growing in Weizhou Island coral reef area and various types of corals in different stations. Compared with other reef areas, the contents of four elements in the bones of coral in Weizhou Island are lower than those in other reef areas. But Zn is relatively high. The results of content and statistical analysis show that the content of elements in corals in the west coast of Weizhou Island is higher than that in the east coast of Weizhou Island, which is related to the oil platform in the western sea area, ship transportation and the oil terminal treatment plant on the island. PBN CD is related to pollutant release from oil platform in southwest China Sea area. It is related to chemical reaction release from the hull of busy local shipping vessels and various industrial pollution emissions from the west coast of the island. Zn is related to the discharge of waste water from the oil industry on the island. There are interspecific differences in the enrichment of 5 elements in the three kinds of corals in Weizhou Island. The enrichment of Zn ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +) CD is the strongest, and the enrichment of Pb is the strongest in the cross peony coral. The enrichment of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Cr was the weakest in the cross peony corals, but the enrichment of Pb and CD was the weakest in Huang Bin coral, and the highest contents of various elements were easily found in the honeycomb coral family and Bacteriaceae. The lowest values are easily found in the family Corallidae. This is related to the relatively large surface area and porosity of the first two families of corals.) the chronological sequence of V / Ca in the skeleton of the coral reconstructs the local oil pollutant release history of 32 years. The fluctuation of V / Ca is related to the discharge of drilling fluid during the development stage of Weizhou Island oilfield and the discharge of oil-bearing wastewater after putting into production. In addition to V, the fluctuation of the content of Cu ~ (2 +) Cr _ (Cr) mn _ (mn) Fe ~ (2 +) CD in corals is also due to the release of petroleum pollutants. The value of V / Ca in the skeleton of Weizhou Island is the highest in the present study. This is closely related to the level of local oil pollutants and the coral cleaning methods selected in the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X174;X145;X74

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