地理空间数据中拓扑数据的局部更新研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 11:09

本文关键词： 拓扑局部更新拓扑数据地理事件　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会与经济建设的迅速发展,地理信息的不断变化,人们对地理信息综合服务的需求不断提高,用户对数据现势性与内容丰富性的要求也越来越高,数据的更新变得比数据库的建设更为重要。地理空间数据的更新实质是空间实体状态及内容改变的过程。空间实体的改变包括几何关系、属性信息、拓扑关系的改变,拓扑关系作为GIS中重要的空间关系,对空间数据的表达、存储、查询及分析等具有重要意义,且拓扑关系的局部更新技术对空间数据的高效处理及实时更新起着重要的作用。本文主要研究地理事件引起的拓扑数据的局部变化。通过研究地理实体发生的不同地理事件,分析判断地理实体的变化情况。研究了地理事件变化引起的拓扑关系的改变和局部拓扑更新,通过基于地理事件的形式实现拓扑关系的局部更新。本文主要研究工作如下:(1)对地理空间数据、空间实体、空间关系的分类、应用等进行研究。研究了点、线、面之间存在的6种空间关系,并分析了每种空间关系中包含的拓扑关系。对空间数据点/线、线/面拓扑关系的建立,及拓扑关系局部更新技术中结点、弧段的更新操作进行了研究。(2)地理事件的发生,必然造成对周边地理要素的影响,本文对每类地理事件发生前后两要素间的拓扑关系的变化情况进行了分析,对拓扑数据的变化情况及拓扑关系的变化规律进行分析,其实质是围绕点、线、面三类实体的变化产生的。通过对受地理事件影响的点、线、面间的拓扑关系的变化及拓扑数据的对比分析,实现基于地理事件的拓扑局部更新研究。最终根据拓扑数据中结点、弧段的变化规律,将除新生事件和消亡事件外的其他地理事件归纳为新生事件和消亡事件的组合事件,这里视结点、弧段数量增加时发生新生事件,结点、弧段数量减少时发生消亡事件。(3)通过对结点和弧段的分类,实现提取发生拓扑变化的地理要素,并选取需进行拓扑更新的区域范围。根据数据的新建、删除操作,对拓扑数据进行拓扑编辑,新生事件下进行添加点、添加线的操作,消亡事件下进行删除点、删除线的操作。并利用拓扑原子操作描述拓扑数据发生新生事件和消亡事件时的数据变化过程。(4)运用第4章选取变化要素范围和提取拓扑变化要素的方法,对城市区域发生变化的地理要素进行拓扑的局部更新。选取发生新生事件的区域和发生消亡事件的区域,更新变化要素的拓扑数据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's social and economic construction and the continuous changes of geographical information, people's demand for comprehensive geographic information services is increasing, and the users' demand for the present situation of data and the richness of content is becoming more and more high. The updating of data is more important than the construction of database. The essence of updating geospatial data is the process of changing the state and content of spatial entities. The change of spatial entities includes geometric relations and attribute information. The change of topological relationship, as an important spatial relation in GIS, is of great significance to the expression, storage, query and analysis of spatial data. The local updating technique of topological relation plays an important role in the efficient processing and real-time updating of spatial data. This paper mainly studies the local changes of topological data caused by geographical events. Same geographic event. The change of geographical entity is analyzed and the change of topological relation and local topological update caused by the change of geographical event is studied. This paper mainly studies the classification of geospatial data, spatial entities and spatial relations. In this paper, six kinds of spatial relationships among points, lines and surfaces are studied, and the topological relationships included in each spatial relationship are analyzed. The establishment of topological relationships between points / lines and lines / planes of spatial data is discussed. The update operation of nodes and arcs in the local updating technology of topological relation is studied. 2) the occurrence of geographical events will inevitably cause the influence on the geographical elements around them. This paper analyzes the change of the topological relation between the two elements before and after each kind of geographical event, and analyzes the change of the topological data and the law of the change of the topological relation. The essence of the change is around the point and the line. The changes of three types of entities are generated by the comparative analysis of the topological relationships and topological data of points, lines, and planes affected by geographical events. Finally, according to the change rule of nodes and arcs in topology data. In addition to the new events and extinction events, the other geographical events are classified as the combination events of the new events and the dead events, where the number of new events and nodes occur when the number of nodes and arcs increases. By classifying nodes and arcs, the geographical elements of topological changes are extracted, and the range of regions that need to be updated is selected according to the new data. Delete operation, topologically edit topology data, add points under new events, add line operations, delete points under death events. The operation of deleting lines. Using topological atomic operations to describe the process of data change during the occurrence of new and dead events in topological data. Chapter 4 is used to select the range of change elements and extract the topological change elements. The topological data of the changing elements are updated by selecting the region where the new event occurs and the region where the event of extinction occurs.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208

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