河流相储层地震保边滤波方法技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 12:58

本文关键词： 不连续性特征各向异性扩散滤波模糊控制边缘结构特征　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在河流相储层预测中,河流相中砂体的沉积特性形成的不连续性特征是确定砂体边界的重要信息。为了能够提取这些不连续性特征信息,需要利用一类对不连续性特征较为敏感的地震属性技术检测出来。由于噪声很容易影响不连续性属性的准确性,使得不连续性属性容易产生误检或漏检的情况,最终导致了无法正确识别出砂体边界,因此需要利用滤波技术压制地震数据中的噪声。但是人们利用常规地震滤波方法在滤除噪声的同时,会破坏有效的边界信息。由于不连续性特征和图像边缘具有相似的性质,因此可以借鉴图像处理中一些保边滤波方法,提高地震属性不连续性检测的准确性。本文主要研究了两大类保边滤波方法。第一类方法,即各向异性扩散滤波,是基于偏微分方程的滤波处理方法。该方法起源于热扩散现象,以热扩散方程为基础,利用不连续性特征上的物理性质构造扩散系数,将扩散系数带入扩散方程中。把滤波前数据作为初值,通过求解扩散方程,就可以得到扩散滤波的结果。第二类方法是基于模糊理论的滤波方法。边缘保持的模糊滤波就是利用了模糊理论擅长于分析不确定性事物的优势。依靠模糊系统分析出时窗内点点之间的差异大小程度,根据这种大小差异程度分配不同的权重,最后求得结果。本文在边缘保持的模糊滤波的基础上提出了基于边缘结构扫描的模糊控制滤波。该方法利用了边缘特征具有模糊性和结构性的性质,区分边缘区域或非边缘区域,以加权的形式得到滤波结果。通过模型试验讨论了边缘保持的模糊滤波和基于边缘结构扫描的模糊控制滤波中关键参数选择对滤波结果的影响。也利用河道砂体模型分析了传统的平滑滤波方法和三种滤波器的保边滤波能力,试验结果表明基于边缘结构扫描的模糊控制滤波保护边缘的保边滤波能力最优秀。最后利用BZ34-1中工区资料处理,进一步验证了在模型试验中得到的结论。
[Abstract]:In the prediction of fluvial reservoir, the discontinuities formed by sedimentary characteristics of sand bodies in fluvial facies are important information to determine the boundary of sand bodies. It is necessary to use a class of seismic attributes which are sensitive to discontinuity features to detect them. Because noise can easily affect the accuracy of discontinuous attributes, discontinuity attributes are prone to false detection or miss detection. As a result, the boundary of sand body can not be recognized correctly, so it is necessary to suppress the noise in seismic data by using filtering technology. But people use conventional seismic filtering method to filter noise at the same time. Because discontinuity features and image edges have similar properties, some edge-preserving filtering methods in image processing can be used for reference. In order to improve the accuracy of seismic attribute discontinuity detection, two kinds of edge-preserving filtering methods are studied in this paper. The first method is anisotropic diffusion filtering. The method is based on partial differential equation, which originates from the phenomenon of thermal diffusion. Based on the thermal diffusion equation, the diffusion coefficient is constructed by using the physical properties of discontinuity. The diffusion coefficient is introduced into the diffusion equation. The pre-filter data is taken as the initial value, and the diffusion equation is solved by solving the diffusion equation. The second method is based on fuzzy theory. Edge preserving fuzzy filtering is based on the advantage that fuzzy theory is good at analyzing uncertain things. The magnitude of the difference between the points in the window is analyzed. Different weights are assigned according to the magnitude of the difference. Finally, the result is obtained. Based on the edge preserving fuzzy filter, a fuzzy control filter based on edge structure scanning is proposed in this paper. This method makes use of the fuzzy and structural properties of edge features. Distinguish between marginal and non-marginal areas. The filter results are obtained in the form of weighting. The influence of the selection of key parameters in edge preserving fuzzy filtering and fuzzy control filtering based on edge structure scanning on the filtering results is discussed through model tests. The channel sand body is also used. The traditional smoothing filtering method and the edge-preserving filtering ability of three kinds of filters are analyzed in the model. The experimental results show that the edge preserving filtering ability of fuzzy control filter based on edge structure scanning is the best. Finally, the data processing of the working area in BZ34-1 is used. The conclusions obtained in the model test are further verified.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4;P618.13

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