潍坊北部地下水漏斗成因机理与演变规律研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 03:43

本文关键词： 地下水漏斗演变规律成因　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展和对水资源需求量的增加,潍坊北部地下水位不断下降,自1983年起,寿光、寒亭、昌邑等地逐渐形成降落漏斗。随着地下水的超采,潍坊北部降落漏斗不断发展,并引发咸水入侵、地下水污染、地面沉降等一系列问题,经济发展与环境、资源的矛盾日益突出。研究潍坊北部漏斗的形成与演变机制,对地下水位的恢复和保护、指导当地地下水的合理开发利用、实现生态环境良性发展具有重要意义。本文以潍坊北部的昌邑市、寿光市、寒亭区形成的连片漏斗为研究对象,主要进行了以下研究:(1)分析了潍北区地下水水位和水化学动态变化特征;(2)分析了潍北区降落漏斗的演变情况,并划分漏斗发展阶段,明确漏斗发展态势,研究漏斗发展特征;(3)用相关分析法来定量研究潍北区地下水位与地下水开采量、大气降雨入渗、河道渗漏补给和灌溉回归补给等因素的关系,分析各因素对地下水位降落漏斗的影响程度;(4)运用主成分分析法确定潍坊北部地下水漏斗主成因,并探求其作用机制;(5)提出了潍坊超采区的治理措施。主要研究成果如下:(1)潍北区地下水位年际动态受地下水开采量的影响,随着地下水开采量的不断增加,地下水位持续下降;地下水位年内变化受农业灌溉用水量和降水量影响。(2)潍北区2000~2015年间地下水化学离子含量和水化学类型发生改变。同时过量开采地下水改变了地下水的流场,入渗补给增大,被氧化、溶解的钙镁等矿物进入水中,加之地下水污染加剧,导致超采区总硬度和TDS浓度均有所增加。(3)运用Surfer软件对潍北区漏斗进行了可视化处理,绘制了潍北区地下水位等值线图和三维表面图,从水平和垂向形象地展示了地下水位降落漏斗的发展情况,揭示了漏斗演变情势,并分析总结了潍北区降落漏斗特征,主要包括地域性、继承性、纵横发展不一致性、中心可移动性等。(4)划分了潍北区漏斗发展阶段。昌邑漏斗:1984~2007年为直线发展阶段,2008~2012年为稳定发展阶段,2013~2015年为急剧扩张阶段,今后为逐渐恢复阶段。寿光漏斗:1983~2005年为直线发展阶段,2006~2009年为稳定发展阶段,2010~2015年为急剧扩张阶段,今后为逐渐恢复阶段。寒亭漏斗:1983~2003年为直线发展阶段,2004~2007年为稳定发展阶段,2008~2015年为急剧扩张阶段,今后为逐渐恢复阶段。(5)根据皮尔逊相关系数法求得的相关系数结果可知,潍北区降落漏斗地下水位与多个影响因素均呈现一定的相关性,相关性从高到低依次为:地下水开采量、降雨入渗、河流渗漏、灌溉回归补给等。地下水位与地下水开采量存在极强的相关性,且为负相关,说明随着开采量的增加,地下水位持续下降;地下水位与降雨入渗量之间呈现显著的正相关关系,降雨入渗在潍北区降落漏斗的形成过程中起到主导作用。此外,地下水位与河道渗漏补给、灌溉回归补给也呈现正相关。社会经济的快速发展、人口的增长以及蓄水工程的建立通过影响地下水的补给和排泄,间接影响着降落漏斗的发展。(6)运用主成分分析法分析了潍坊北部漏斗的主成因,将漏斗的形成归结为自然因素和人为因素的影响,并确定了其影响机制。人为因素主要指在区域经济发展过程中,不断过量地开采地下水以及人口的增长、城市化的发展使地下水位持续下降,导致降落漏斗的形成;自然因素表现在近年气候多变,降水和径流减少,对地下水的补给作用减弱,加剧了地下水位降落漏斗的发展。其中,降水和地下水开采量的影响程度最大,是漏斗产生的主要驱动力。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the increasing demand of water resources, groundwater in northern Weifang is declining, since 1983, Shouguang, Hanting, Changyi and other places gradually formed. With the funnel of groundwater, the northern Weifang funnel development, and lead to saltwater intrusion, groundwater pollution, a series of problems such as ground subsidence, economic development and environment, resources have become increasingly prominent. The formation and evolution mechanism of the northern Weifang funnel, the recovery and protection of underground water, rational development and utilization of local groundwater, the ecological environment has important significance to realize the benign development. This paper takes Weifang north of Changyi City, Shouguang City, Hanting District form a contiguous funnel as the research object, the main research is as follows: (1) analysis of the north water level and dynamic variation of water chemistry; (2) analysis of the evolution of the North Weihe landing funnel Condition, and divide the funnel development stage, the development trend of clear funnel, funnel development characteristics; (3) to the North Weihe quantitative study on underground water level and groundwater extraction with the method of correlation analysis, the relationship between the rainfall, river seepage recharge and irrigation return recharge and other factors, analysis of various factors on the influence of underground water level drawdown funnel; (4) using principal component analysis to determine the main causes of groundwater in northern Weifang, and to explore its mechanism of action; (5) put forward Weifang overdraftedzone governance measures. The main results are as follows: (1) effects of groundwater exploitation the annual dynamic groundwater in Weibei area, with the increasing amount of groundwater mining the decline of groundwater level; groundwater level variation within the year by agricultural irrigation water and precipitation effect. (2) the north between 2000~2015 chemical ion concentration in groundwater and water chemistry type change at the same time. Excessive exploitation of groundwater changes of groundwater flow, infiltration increased, oxidized, dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium in the water, and the groundwater pollution intensifies, resulting in over exploitation of total hardness and TDS concentration were increased. (3) using Surfer software for the visualization of the North Weihe funnel, drawing the groundwater level in North Weihe equivalent line graph and 3D surface map, the development from the horizontal and vertical image to display the groundwater funnel, the funnel reveals the evolution, summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics of North Weihe funnel, including regional, inheritance, development and inconsistency, center mobility (4) division. The North funnel development stage. Changyi funnel: 1984~2007 as the linear development stage, 2008~2012 in the stable stage of development, 2013~2015 is the stage of rapid expansion, the future is gradually recovering stage. Shouguang funnel: 1983 ~2005 is a linear development stage, 2006~2009 in the stable stage of development, 2010~2015 is the stage of rapid expansion, the future is gradually recovering stage. Hanting funnel: 1983~2003 as the linear development stage, 2004~2007 in the stable stage of development, 2008~2015 is the stage of rapid expansion, the future is gradually restored. (5) according to the results of correlation coefficient Pearson correlation coefficient method shows that the North Weihe groundwater drawdown funnel and multiple factors showed a certain correlation, correlation from high to low are: the exploitation of groundwater, rainfall infiltration, river seepage, irrigation return recharge. There is a strong correlation between groundwater level and groundwater exploitation, and is negative correlation that means that with the increase of mining, underground water level continues to decline; the underground water level and rainfall infiltration volume showed a significant positive correlation, rainfall infiltration in North Weihe funnel. Play a leading role in the process of forming. In addition, the underground water level and river recharge, irrigation return recharge also showed a positive correlation. The rapid development of social economy, population growth and water storage projects through the establishment of groundwater recharge and discharge, indirectly affect the development of the funnel. (6) using principal component analysis analysis of the main causes of northern Weifang funnel, the funnel is formed due to the effects of natural and human factors, and determine its influence mechanism. The human factors in the process of regional economic development, constantly open to excessive exploitation of groundwater and the increase of population, the development of the city underground water level continued to decline, resulting in the formation of funnel; natural factors in the recent climate variability, precipitation and runoff, weakening of the replenishment effect of groundwater, exacerbated the groundwater funnel development. Among them, drop The largest influence of water and groundwater exploitation is the main driving force produced by the funnel.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8

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