某地区建筑物长期沉降监测的研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 05:21

本文关键词： 沉降量回归预测方程有限元分析沉降预测　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：据有关调查资料显示,建于上世纪八十和九十年代的某些房屋不同程度的存在着由于建筑物的沉降引起的开裂以及倾斜,而且擅自加层、改建的房屋数量也不少,这类房屋如不进行跟踪测检、及时处理,很有可能发生意外事故。同时,进入二十一世纪以来随着社会的发展以及经济的进步,现代化城镇迅速发展,并且由于城市规划布局和土地供应的日益紧张,为了节约用地,建筑越建越高,高层建筑工程如雨后春笋一般得不断的涌现出来。高层建筑由于作业面广,荷载严重且复杂,在施工期间,由于荷载的增加有可能在局部或者全局发生过大或不合理的沉降,需要在施工期间做好相应的监测,施工时就要做好必要的沉降预测;即使在运营使用期间也由于受多种因素的影响,比如相邻新建建筑、地下水位变化等,也会发生过大或不均匀的沉降。做好监测和沉降预测,以备一旦出现问题,做好必要的预防或补救措施。本文以某几个项目的建筑物沉降量的观测数据为基础,通过理论计算和Abaqus有限元软件分析后得出以下结论:(1)本文的理论模型计算采用了分区域考虑计算参数取值的方法,并结合考虑地方沉降计算经验。案例对比分析表明,对刚性复合地基的理论计算结果和沉降预测结果吻合很好,最大误差7.7%,最小误差0.7%,平均误差1.44%,具有很好的工程精度,理论计算方法能够可靠的揭示建筑物最终沉降的分布规律。因此此种方法具有普遍的一般意义;(2)基于Asaoka法的回归预测模型对于沉降过程的预测具有非常高的精度,对项目各个测点的沉降吻合非常好,适合于主要荷载施加完毕以后的沉降过程的模拟和长期沉降的预测;(3)案例理论结果表明,对天然地基采用进行加固,显著减少了沉降,最小减少了 27.7%,最大减小了 41.9%,平均使沉降减少了 37.4%。因此采用对地基进行加固对于减小地基沉降成效显著,并且经济又提高了地基以及上部结构的安全性。(4)建筑物在施工阶段的沉降速率的快慢影响到其竣工使用阶段的沉降速率和其最终沉降值,即建筑物施工期沉降速率快,则竣工使用阶段沉降速率也快,最终沉降会更大,反之,建筑物施工期沉降速率慢,则竣工使用阶段沉降速率也慢,最终沉降会比较小。(5)在施工阶段采取相应的措施能较少建筑物的后期沉降和其最终沉降量,其施工中措施主要有:施工组织与管理;合理安排施工的时间;合理安排施工顺序;处理软弱地基;保护原状土体结构;加强施工监测。
[Abstract]:According to the relevant investigation data, some houses built on 0th century, 80 and 90s have, to varying degrees, cracked and tilted due to the settlement of buildings. Moreover, they have added storeys without authorization, and many houses have been rebuilt. If such houses are not followed up and checked and handled in a timely manner, accidents are likely to occur. At the same time, since 21th century, with the development of society and the progress of the economy, modern towns and cities have developed rapidly. And because of the increasingly tight layout of urban planning and land supply, in order to save land, the higher the building, the higher the building, the high-rise building projects have been springing up. High-rise buildings because of a wide range of operations, heavy and complex loads. During the construction period, due to the increase of load may occur in the local or overall situation of excessive or unreasonable settlement, it is necessary to do a good job in the construction period of monitoring, construction should make the necessary settlement prediction; Even during operation and use, there will be excessive or uneven settlement due to various factors, such as adjacent new buildings, changes in groundwater level, etc. Monitoring and settlement prediction should be made in case of any problems. Do well the necessary preventive or remedial measures. This paper is based on the observation data of the building settlement of several projects. Through theoretical calculation and Abaqus finite element software analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the theoretical model calculation of this paper adopts the method of taking into account the calculation parameters in sub-region, and combines with the experience of calculating local settlement. The comparative analysis of cases shows that, The theoretical calculation results of rigid composite foundation are in good agreement with the settlement prediction results. The maximum error is 7.7, the minimum error is 0.7, and the average error is 1.44. It has good engineering accuracy. The theoretical calculation method can reliably reveal the distribution law of the final settlement of buildings. Therefore, this method has a general meaning. The regression prediction model based on Asaoka method has a very high precision for the prediction of settlement process. It is suitable for simulating the settlement process after the main load has been applied and predicting the long-term settlement. The theoretical results show that the settlement can be significantly reduced by strengthening the natural foundation, which is suitable for the simulation of the settlement process after the main load has been applied and the prediction of the long-term settlement. The minimum reduction is 27.7%, the maximum decrease is 41.9%, and the average settlement is 37.4%. Therefore, it is very effective to reduce the settlement by strengthening the foundation. And the economy also improves the safety of the foundation and superstructure. (4) the speed of the settlement rate of the building in the construction stage affects the settlement rate and the final settlement value of the building in the stage of completion and use, that is, the settlement rate of the building during the construction period is fast. The settlement rate of the completion stage is also fast, and the final settlement rate will be greater. On the other hand, if the settlement rate of the building is slow during the construction period, the settlement rate of the completion and use phase will also be slow. The final settlement will be smaller. 5) in the construction stage, the corresponding measures can be taken to reduce the late settlement of the building and its final settlement. The main measures in the construction are: construction organization and management, reasonable arrangement of construction time, reasonable arrangement of construction sequence; Treatment of soft foundation; protection of original soil structure; strengthening construction monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU433

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