内蒙古大青山四个树种根围土壤微生物多样性和群落结构研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 11:43

本文选题：内蒙古大青山　切入点：微生物群落结构　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土壤微生物在生物地球化循环调控过程和生态系统功能维持等方面起着关键作用,与土壤功能和植被特点有一定的相关性。内蒙古大青山林区是阴山山地中段面积最大、保存最好的次生林区,是生物多样性保护的关键地区,是研究森林土壤微生物多样性的理想场所。本论文以大青山森林生态系统中四个常见树种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)白桦(Betula platyphylla)、华北落叶松(Larixprincipis-rupprechtii)、青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术研究比较了其不同海拔高度及不同土层深度的根围土壤细菌和真菌多样性及群落结构差异,并结合其土壤理化性质、酶活性和可培养微生物的变化规律,揭示大青山森林生态系统中土壤微生物的分布规律。主要结果与结论如下:(1)四个树种根围土壤可培养细菌数量变化范围为0.99×106-16.4×106 CFU/g,真菌数量的变化范围为0.07×104-5.69×104CFU/g,放线菌数量变化范围为0.79×106-11.3×106CFU/g。有机质、pH、含水量、海拔、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性、过氧化物酶活性对三种可培养微生物的数量影响相对较大,而速效磷、速效氮、蛋白酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性对三种可培养微生物的数量影响相对较小。(2)油松、华北落叶松根围土壤下层细菌丰富度(Chao1)随海拔升高而增大;油松、青海云杉根围土壤下层,白桦根围土壤上层的细菌多样性(Shannon、Simpson)随海拔升高而增大;四个树种根围土壤上层细菌多样性(Shannon、Simpson)大于下层。油松、白桦、华北落叶松根围土壤下层真菌丰富度(Chao1)随海拔升高而增大;华北落叶松、青海云杉根围土壤上层的真菌多样性(Shannon)随海拔升高而增大;油松和白桦根围土壤上层真菌多样性(Simpson)低于下层。(3)细菌门水平分析可知,放线菌门、酸杆菌门、变形菌门为四个树种根围土壤的优势群落。油松根围土壤上下层,白桦、青海云杉根围土壤下层的放线菌门含量随海拔升高而增加;油松根围土壤上层、华北落叶松根围土壤下层变形菌门含量随海拔升高而增加;油松、青海云杉根围土壤上层酸杆菌门含量随海拔升高而减少;四个树种根围土壤上层变形菌门含量高于下层。细菌属水平分析可知,Gp6、Gp4、Gp16在四个树种根围土壤含量相对较高。有机质、速效氮、pH以及蛋白酶活性对细菌群落结构组成影响相对较大,而速效磷、海拔、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、过氧化物酶活性对细菌群落结构组成影响相对较小。真菌门水平分析可知,担子菌门、子囊菌门、接合菌门为四个树种根围土壤的优势群落。油松、华北落叶松根围土壤上层担子菌门含量随海拔升高而减少,华北落叶松、青海云杉根围土壤上层子囊菌门含量随海拔升高而增加。真菌属水平分析可知,真菌优势群落在四个树种各样本中分布差异较大。有机质、速效氮、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性、过氧化物酶活性对真菌群落结构组成影响较大,而速效磷、含水量、pH、海拔、蛋白酶活性以及碱性磷酸酶活性对真菌群落结构组成影响相对较小。
[Abstract]:The soil microorganism plays a key role in biogeochemical cycle regulation and ecosystem function maintenance, there is a certain correlation between soil and vegetation characteristics. Inner Mongolia Mount Daqing is the largest area of Yinshan Mountain forest, secondary forest preserve the best, is a key region of biodiversity conservation, is an ideal place to study the diversity of forest soil microorganism. In this paper, four common tree species in Pinus tabulaeformis forest ecosystem in Mount Daqing (Pinus tabulaeformis) Bai Hua (Betula platyphylla), larch (Larixprincipis-rupprechtii), Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) as the research object, using high-throughput sequencing technology to study the comparison of different altitudes and different soil depth differences in Rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure, and combined with the physical and chemical properties of soil, microbial enzyme activity and culture Change the rules, reveal the distribution of soil microorganisms in forest ecosystem in Mount Daqing. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) four species in the rhizosphere soil culturable bacteria number range of 0.99 * 106-16.4 * 106 CFU/g, range of the number of fungi was 0.07 * 104-5.69 * 104CFU/g, on the range of the number of Actinomyces 0.79 * 106-11.3 * 106CFU/g. pH, organic matter, moisture content, elevation, N- Acetylglucosaminidase activity, peroxidase activity of three kinds of microbial effect on the number of relatively large, while the available phosphorus, available nitrogen, protease activity, alkaline phosphatase activity on three kinds of culture affected the number of microbial is relatively small. (2) Chinese pine, larch rhizosphere soil of lower bacterial richness (Chao1) increased with the increase of altitude; pine, Qinghai spruce rhizosphere soil layer, the upper birch rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity (Shannon, Simpson) increases with the increase of altitude; four species in the rhizosphere of the upper layer of soil bacterial diversity (Shannon, Simpson) than the bottom layer. Pine, birch, larch rhizosphere soil fungi richness lower (Chao1) increases with the increase of altitude; Larix, Qinghai spruce rhizosphere soil layer of fungal diversity (Shannon) and with the increase of elevation; pine and birch rhizosphere soil fungi diversity in the upper (Simpson) lower. (3) the gate level analysis of bacteria, actinomycetes, acidobacteria, Proteobacteria four species in rhizosphere soil of dominant species. Pine rhizosphere soil layer, white birch, Qinghai spruce the door of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of lower content increased with increasing elevation; pine rhizosphere soil layer, larch rhizosphere soil layer Proteobacteria content increased with increasing elevation; pine, Qinghai spruce rhizosphere soil upper acidobacteria content Decreased with the increase of altitude; four species in rhizosphere soil were higher than that of the lower layer Proteobacteria bacteria. The level of analysis, Gp6, Gp4, Gp16 in the four tree species in rhizosphere soil was relatively high. The organic matter, available nitrogen, relatively large impact pH and protease activity on bacterial community structure, and available phosphorus N-, altitude, Acetylglucosaminidase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, peroxidase activity is relatively small influence on bacterial community structure. Eumycophyta level analysis, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota for four tree species in rhizosphere soil of the dominant species. Pine, larch rhizosphere soil of upper Basidiomycota the content decreased with increasing elevation, Larix, Qinghai spruce rhizosphere soil upper Ascomycota content increased with increasing elevation. Fungal genus level analysis shows that the dominant Fungi Community in four species Large differences among the samples. The distribution of organic matter, available nitrogen, N- Acetylglucosaminidase activity, peroxidase activity greater influence on fungal community structure, and available phosphorus, water content, pH, altitude, the impact is relatively small protease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity of the fungal community structure.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S714.3

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