陆上丝绸之路时期中西方科技交流探析

发布时间：2018-03-04 08:03

本文选题：丝绸之路　切入点：科技　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：陆上丝绸之路已经成功入选世界文化遗产,近年来我国政府努力建设丝绸之路经济带,在此宏观背景下,本文从科技角度着手,研究陆上丝绸之路时期中西方交流。陆上丝绸之路开始于西汉张骞通西域,延续千年,到汉唐时期走上中西方科技交流的高峰,经过宋元两个时期的延续,到明清时期逐渐衰落。陆上丝绸之路的地理范围涵盖亚欧大陆,在这个时空内,阿拉伯文明、古印度文明、波斯文明、中华文明、中亚以及欧洲都共享陆上丝绸之路带来的科技交流成果。陆上丝绸之路时期中西方科技交流是人类科技交流史上重要的一章。本文研究的陆上丝绸之路时期中西方科技交流的科技细分为理论型科学与应用型技术。理论型科学交流主要集中在物理、天文、数学领域,应用型技术交流比较广泛,主要以中国四大发明中的造纸术、火药、印刷术为代表。除此以外冶炼、制瓷工艺中西方交流较多。由此展开分析,可以发现陆上丝绸之路时期中西方科技交流形式主要以使节、商旅、移民、战争、书籍为主。交流的过程中西方保持互动,交流的内容中西方形成互补,交流的客体中应用型技术是主流,理论型科学规模较小。从交流的整体影响来看,中国是陆上丝绸之路时期中西方科技交流的技术输出国,中亚地区历史上承载了中西方科技交流的过渡作用,阿拉伯帝国时期利用它在地理环境的优势,政府积极的吸收外来的科技文明,取得了很多科学成就,成为中世纪时期科技发达地区,地缘上使得欧洲在中世纪末期,通过从阿拉伯地区引进、吸收了大量基础科学和应用技术,为欧洲近代科学革命的到来打下了基础。历史上,陆上丝绸之路为中西方科技交流做出了巨大的贡献,今天我们以史为鉴,陆上丝绸之路时期科技交流是丝绸之路重要内容,故陆上丝绸之路时期中西方科技交流也是丝绸之路这一世界文化遗产的一部分。我们在保护和开发丝绸之路文化遗产的过程中,应该重视中西方科技交流这一块宝贵的文化遗产。如今,我国正大力发展丝绸之路经济带,这是惠及沿线国家,造福人类的国家政策,发展好丝绸之路经济带是沿线国家人民的共识,科学技术作为社会生产力的重要方面,历史上丝绸之路科技交流促进了沿线国家文明的繁荣,如今我们也该为丝绸之路营造一个和平发展的国际环境,继续加大对外开放的力度,努力建设一个统一的市场秩序,加强沿线国家科技文化的交流,利用好丝绸之路经济带这一国家政策,使丝绸之路走向新生。
[Abstract]:The land Silk Road has been successfully selected as the world cultural heritage. In recent years, our government has made great efforts to build the Silk Road economic belt. Under this macro background, this paper sets about from the angle of science and technology. Study on the exchange between China and the West during the period of the Land Silk Road. The land Silk Road began in the Western Han Dynasty, where Zhang Qian traveled to the Western regions, and lasted for thousands of years. During the Han and Tang dynasties, it reached the peak of the scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West, and went through the continuation of the Song and Yuan dynasties. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the land Silk Road covered the Eurasian continent. In this time and space, the Arab civilization, the ancient Indian civilization, the Persian civilization, the Chinese civilization, Central Asia and Europe share the achievements of science and technology exchange brought about by the land silk road. The exchange of science and technology between china and the west during the land silk road period is an important chapter in the history of human science and technology exchange. Fang's scientific and technological exchanges are subdivided into theoretical and applied science and technology. Theoretical scientific exchanges are mainly focused on physics. Astronomy, mathematics, and applied technology are widely exchanged, mainly represented by papermaking, gunpowder and printing in the four great inventions of China. In addition to smelting, there is more communication between the West and the West in the porcelain making process. It can be found that during the land Silk Road period, the main forms of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West were envoys, business trips, immigrants, wars, and books. In the course of exchange, the West maintained interaction, and the contents of the exchanges formed complementary forms between China and the West. The object of communication is the applied technology, and the scale of theoretical science is relatively small. Judging from the overall impact of communication, China was a technological exporter of science and technology exchange between China and the West during the Silk Road period on land. The history of Central Asia bears the transitional role of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West. During the period of the Arab Empire, the Arab Empire used its advantages in the geographical environment, the government actively absorbed foreign scientific and technological civilization, and made a lot of scientific achievements. As a developed region of science and technology in the Middle Ages, geologically, Europe absorbed a great deal of basic science and applied technology from the Arab region at the end of the Middle Ages, which laid the foundation for the arrival of the modern scientific revolution in Europe. The land Silk Road has made great contributions to the scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West. Today, we learn from history. During the period of the Land Silk Road, scientific and technological exchanges were an important part of the Silk Road. Therefore, the exchange of science and technology between China and the West during the land Silk Road period is also part of the Silk Road, a world cultural heritage. In the process of protecting and developing the Silk Road cultural heritage, We should attach importance to the valuable cultural heritage of scientific and technological exchanges between China and the West. Today, China is vigorously developing the Silk Road economic belt, which is a national policy that benefits the countries along the route and benefits mankind. The development of the Silk Road economic belt is the consensus of the people of the countries along the route. Science and technology, as an important aspect of social productive forces, have historically promoted the prosperity of civilization in the countries along the Silk Road. Now we should also create an international environment for peaceful development for the Silk Road, continue to open up more vigorously, strive to build a unified market order, and strengthen the exchange of science, technology and culture in the countries along the route. Make use of the national policy of the Silk Road Economic Belt, make the Silk Road to a new life.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K103;N09

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