淡化浓海水自然蒸发过程模拟研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 12:38

  本文选题：淡化浓海水　切入点：自然蒸发　出处：《天津科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：淡水资源短缺已成为当今社会发展的一大热点问题,发展海水淡化工程是解决沿海地区淡水资源短缺问题的一种有效的途径。采用自然蒸发浓缩技术对海水淡化浓海水进行处理,能够有效地解决淡化浓海水综合利用问题,有效避免了浓海水排放对海洋生态环境造成的影响。通过淡化浓海水自然蒸发浓缩制盐,扩大了海水淡化产业链,做到了海水资源的充分、高效利用,同时降低了海水淡化产业的成本,研究意义重大。设计建设了室内淡化浓海水自然蒸发模拟实验系统,该模拟系统为5×8m2的独立空间,可以对影响淡化浓海水自然蒸发的气象因素和操作条件进行良好的控制。该系统可以模拟研究气象因素,包括辐照强度、环境温度、空气相对湿度、风速四个因素；另外对相关操作条件即卤水温度、卤水浓度以及卤水深度三个因素实施联动控制。实验数据信号自动跟踪、采集并保存。以渤海湾某淡化厂浓海水为原料,根据天津市滨海新区当地气象状况,模拟了全年不同气象条件和操作条件下淡化浓海水自然蒸发过程。实验分析结果表明：在其它条件相同或相近的情况下,辐照强度越大,环境温度和卤水温度越高,风速越大,淡化浓海水自然蒸发速率则越大；空气相对湿度大,卤水浓度越高,淡化浓海水自然蒸发速率则越小。对于天津市典型气象条件,即辐照强度为600±50W/m2、环境温度为25±1℃、空气相对湿度为40%±5%、卤水温度为25±1℃、风速为4.0±1m/s、卤水浓度为6±1°Be'、卤水浓度约为20cm时,蒸发速率大小位于0.29mm/h～0.43 mm/h之间。基于Matlab软件建立淡化浓海水自然蒸发神经网络模型,通过对实验数据的网络训练,所得模型预测值与真实值的平均相对误差为27.9%,模型训练效果较好；运用模型对非训练样本进行预测,所得预测值与实验值平均相对误差为16.7%,证明模型比较准确可靠,其预测能力较好。运用自然蒸发模型对淡化浓海水进行单因素和多因素分析。单因素分析结果表明,模型预测得到的单因素规律与实验分析得到的规律一致,同样验证了本实验建立的淡化浓海水自然蒸发模型的准确性。多因素正交试验分析结果表明,淡化浓海水自然蒸发各因素对蒸发速率的影响大小(以极差R值表示)依次为：辐照强度(0.224)卤水温度(0.157)≈风速(0.148)空气相对湿度(0.109)环境温度(0.056)。
[Abstract]:The shortage of fresh water resources has become a hot issue in social development. Developing seawater desalination project is an effective way to solve the problem of shortage of fresh water resources in coastal areas. The comprehensive utilization of desalination seawater can be effectively solved by using natural evaporation concentration technology to treat desalination concentrated seawater. It can effectively avoid the impact of the concentrated seawater discharge on the marine ecological environment. Through the desalination of the concentrated sea water, the industrial chain of seawater desalination has been expanded, and the full and efficient utilization of the sea water resources has been achieved through the natural evaporation and concentration of desalinated sea water. At the same time, the cost of desalination industry is reduced and the research significance is very important. The simulation system of indoor desalination concentrated seawater evaporation is designed and constructed. The simulation system is an independent space of 5 脳 8m2. The system can simulate and study meteorological factors, including radiation intensity, ambient temperature, air relative humidity and wind speed. In addition, the related operating conditions, that is, brine temperature, brine concentration and brine depth, are controlled by linkage. The experimental data signals are automatically tracked, collected and preserved. The concentrated seawater of a desalination plant in Bohai Bay is used as raw material. Based on the local meteorological conditions of Tianjin Binhai New area, the natural evaporation process of desalinated sea water under different meteorological conditions and operating conditions is simulated throughout the year. The experimental results show that the higher the radiation intensity is, the greater the radiation intensity is under the condition of the same or similar other conditions. The higher the ambient temperature and the brine temperature, the greater the wind speed, the higher the natural evaporation rate of desalinated concentrated seawater, the higher the air relative humidity, the higher the brine concentration, the smaller the natural evaporation rate of desalinated concentrated seawater. When the radiation intensity is 600 卤50 W / m2, the ambient temperature is 25 卤1 鈩，

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