基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的非相干光数字全息显微成像研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 02:36

本文选题：全息　切入点：非相干数字全息　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全息术是利用干涉和衍射原理记录并再现物体真实的三维信息的技术。随着光电传感器件以及计算机技术的发展,数字全息术得到了快速的发展。数字全息术与传统全息术相比较具有制作成本低,成像速度快,记录和再现灵活等特点。非相干数字全息所用的照明光源为非相干光,避免了因相干光带来的散斑噪声。近年来,随着国内外研究人员的不断努力,非相干数字全息已经被成功应用于显微成像、光谱成像和望远成像等各个领域。本论文主要研究了基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的非相干数字全息显微成像。以下是论文的主要内容:(1)本论文首先对数字全息术和非相干全息术的发展进行了详细介绍。介绍了光全息的基本理论,推导了菲涅尔衍射积分。并且以基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的非相干数字全息光路为例,推导了基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的非相干数字全息系统的点扩散函数,讨论了非相干数字全息图的记录方法和再现原理,同时对比了菲涅尔衍射重建算法、卷积衍射重建算法和角谱衍射重建算法的优缺点。并且介绍了非相干数字全息中消除零级像和孪生像的方法,特别介绍了三步相移技术和广义三步相移技术。通过实验得到分辨率板和钢尺的全息图以及再现像,充分证明该成像系统的可行性。(2)其次,搭建了基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的非相干数字显微全息成像光路,对该系统进行了详细的理论和实验研究。计算了该系统在记录过程中的点扩散函数,获得了系统横向放大率及重建距离的具体表达式。利用CCD记录全息图,用广义相移数字全息干涉术去除孪生像与零级像,并用角谱算法得到了清晰的重建像。实现了分辨率板和洋葱表皮细胞等样品的非相干全息显微成像,验证了该显微系统的可行性。分辨率板的成像实验表明,该系统的横向分辨率可达512 lp/mm。微米洁面刷软毛的成像实验表明该系统具有呈现微观物体三维结构的特性。(3)最后,介绍了压缩传感的基本理论和依据,比较了几种压缩传感恢复算法,并对Lena图像进行了重建。同时将压缩传感算法应用于非相干数字全息技术中,对理想物体进行数值模拟,获得了理想物体的全息图,并对利用菲涅尔衍射算法重建单幅同轴全息图的重建像和压缩传感算法重建单幅同轴全息图的重建像进行了比较。
[Abstract]:Holography is a technique for recording and reproducing the true three-dimensional information of an object by means of interference and diffraction principles. With the development of photoelectric sensing devices and computer technology, Digital holography has been developed rapidly. Compared with traditional holography, digital holography has the advantages of low production cost, fast imaging speed, flexible recording and reproducing, etc. The illumination source used in incoherent digital holography is incoherent light. The speckle noise caused by coherent light is avoided. In recent years, with the continuous efforts of researchers at home and abroad, incoherent digital holography has been successfully applied to microscopic imaging. In this paper, we mainly study the incoherent digital holographic microscopic imaging based on Michelson interferometer. The following is the main content of this paper: 1) the first part of this thesis is digital holography and non-phase holography. The development of dry holography is introduced in detail. The basic theory of optical holography is introduced. The Fresnel diffraction integral is derived, and the point diffusion function of the incoherent digital holographic system based on Michelson interferometer is derived, taking the noncoherent digital holographic optical path based on Michelson interferometer as an example. The recording method and reproduction principle of incoherent digital holograms are discussed, and the Fresnel diffraction reconstruction algorithm is compared. The advantages and disadvantages of convolution diffraction reconstruction algorithm and angular spectrum diffraction reconstruction algorithm are discussed, and the methods of eliminating zero-order and twinning images in incoherent digital holography are introduced. The three-step phase-shifting technique and the generalized three-step phase-shifting technique are introduced in particular. The holograms and reconstructed images of the resolution plate and steel ruler are obtained by experiments, which fully prove the feasibility of the imaging system. The incoherent digital holographic imaging optical path based on Michelson interferometer is built, and the theoretical and experimental study of the system is carried out in detail. The point diffusion function of the system in the recording process is calculated. The expressions of the transverse magnification and the reconstruction distance of the system are obtained. Using the CCD recording hologram and the generalized phase-shifting digital holographic interferometry, the twinning image and the zero-order image are removed. The incoherent holographic imaging of the samples such as the resolution plate and onion epidermis cells is realized, and the feasibility of the system is verified. The imaging experiments of the resolution plate show that, The lateral resolution of the system can reach 512lp / mmm. the imaging experiment of micron clean face brush shows that the system has the characteristic of showing the three-dimensional structure of microscopic object. Finally, the basic theory and basis of compression sensing are introduced. Several compression sensor restoration algorithms are compared, and Lena images are reconstructed. At the same time, the compression sensing algorithm is applied to the incoherent digital holography, and the ideal object is numerically simulated, and the hologram of the ideal object is obtained. The reconstruction of a single coaxial hologram using Fresnel diffraction algorithm is compared with that of a single coaxial hologram reconstructed by a compression sensing algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O438.1;TP391.41

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