财政分权的环境污染及绿色经济增长效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 08:37

本文关键词：财政分权的环境污染及绿色经济增长效应研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国经济连续多年持续高速增长,一度被誉为经济增长的奇迹,引起了世界的关注。粗放型经济增长模式不仅带来了经济增长的奇迹,也带来了环境污染问题,“高增长、高污染”似乎成为中国经济增长模式,这一现象的产生和中国式财政分权体制下政府的行为密不可分。财政分权是指中央政府给予地方政府一定的权力,允许地方政府在一定程度上自主决定其预算收入与支出的规模和结构。中国式财政分权实质是政治集权下的财政分权,在中国式财政分权和以“GDP”为主的政绩考核机制下,财政分权政策大大激发了地方政府为经济增长而竞争的积极性,地方政府为追求晋升展开了GDP“锦标赛”式竞争。然而政府竞争扭曲了政府行为,在带动经济增长的同时,也带来环境污染问题。在强调经济可持续发展的今天,我们不再仅仅关注经济增长的速度,也开始关注经济增长中的环境代价,追求经济可持续增长。在此背景下,本文首先利用省际面板数据,基于熵权法构造出环境污染综合指数,研究了财政分权、政府竞争与财政分权的相互作用对环境污染带来的影响。实证结果表明,财政分权有助于环境的改善,但是政府间竞争会导致政府行为的扭曲:地方政府为追求经济增长,一方面,为吸引外商投资,不惜降低环境门槛,牺牲环境换取经济的增长;另一方面将财力投入在短期可以带来效益的领域,忽略环境治理,形成环境规制政策软约束。随着政府竞争程度的加剧,财政分权对环境污染的改善作用会被削弱。紧接着本文运用博弈论解读了政府在环境治理问题上的行为选择,旨在找出解决政府间“趋劣竞争”的办法。最后本文采用单位污染产出原则,利用GDP与环境污染综合指数合成了反映经济增长和环境代价的绿色GDP,进一步检验了财政分权对绿色经济增长的影响。研究结果表明,财政分权程度的提高有助于绿色经济的增长,但是在政府“趋劣竞争”的现实背景下,FDI的进入带来的环境污染得不到及时的治理,财政分权促进绿色经济增长的作用会随着FDI的进入而削弱。由此可见,要想改善环境污染状况、提高绿色经济发展水平,在实施财政分权的同时,必须改变政府间的“趋劣竞争”。综上,本文认为改革我国现有的以“GDP”为主的政绩考核体制是解决政府行为扭曲问题的有效途径,将绿色GDP纳入我国地方政府绩效评估体系,与官员晋升机制挂钩,可以有效纠正政府行为的扭曲,促进经济可持续发展。另外,合理划分中央政府和地方政府间的财权,深化财政体制的改革也势在必行。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, economic Chinese consecutive years of sustained high growth, once known as the miracle of economic growth, attracted the attention of the world. The extensive economic growth mode has not only brought the miracle of economic growth, but also brings the problem of environmental pollution, high growth, high pollution "seems to be Chinese economic growth mode, this behavior is closely related a phenomenon and Chinese type under the fiscal decentralization system. Government fiscal decentralization refers to the central government to give local government certain powers, scale and structure to allow local governments to decide their own budget income and expenditure in a certain extent. The fiscal decentralization is China essence of political centralization and fiscal decentralization, fiscal decentralization in China and to" GDP "as the performance evaluation mechanism under the fiscal decentralization policy greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of local governments for economic growth and competition, the local government to chase For the promotion of GDP launched a "championship" competition. However, government competition distorts the government, in promoting economic growth at the same time, also brings the problem of environmental pollution. The emphasis on economic sustainable development today, we do not only pay attention to the speed of economic growth, economic growth is beginning to pay attention to the environmental costs, the pursuit of sustainable economic growth. Under this background, this paper uses the provincial panel data entropy method to construct the comprehensive index of environmental pollution based on the study of fiscal decentralization, government competition and the interaction effect of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution. The empirical results show that fiscal decentralization contributes to the improvement of the environment, but the government competition will lead to government behavior twist: the local government for the pursuit of economic growth, on the one hand, in order to attract foreign investment, to reduce environmental threshold, the expense of the environment for economic growth; on the other hand The financial input in the short term can bring benefits to the field, ignoring the environmental governance, environmental regulation policy of soft constraints. With the degree of government competition, improve the effect of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution will be weakened. Then this article interprets the government in environmental governance issues on the use of game theory to resolve the behavior choice between governments "worse competition" approach. Finally using the unit pollution output principle, green GDP reflects the cost of economic growth and environment was synthesized by using the comprehensive index GDP and environmental pollution, further testing the finance right on the impact of green economic growth. The results of the study show that contribute to the green economic growth to improve the degree of fiscal decentralization but in reality, the government background worse competition ", FDI into the environmental pollution caused by the lack of timely treatment, fiscal decentralization to promote green economic growth Long effect will be weakened with the entry of FDI. Thus, in order to improve environmental conditions, improve the green level of economic development, in the implementation of fiscal decentralization at the same time, the government must change the "worse competition". To sum up the reform to our existing "GDP" based performance evaluation system is effective way to solve the problem of distortion of government action, the green GDP into the performance evaluation system of local government in China, and promotion mechanism can effectively correct the hook, distortions, and promote sustainable economic development. In addition, a reasonable division between central government and local government property rights, deepening the reform of the financial system is imperative.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22;F812.2

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