尼龙66纤维辐射接枝改性及在铀废水处理和抗菌方面的应用

发布时间：2018-01-04 02:31

本文关键词：尼龙66纤维辐射接枝改性及在铀废水处理和抗菌方面的应用　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(上海应用物理研究所)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尼龙66(PA66)纤维,通过己二酸和己二醇缩聚反应制备而来,是最早的商业化合成纤维,具有优异的耐磨性,耐疲劳性,耐热性和耐化学品性,应用范围广泛。本论文采用共辐射接枝技术,将乙烯基类单体接枝到尼龙66纤维上,再通过后续的化学反应,成功制备了可用于含铀废水处理和抗菌的功能化尼龙66纤维。通过共辐射接枝技术,聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA)被接枝到尼龙66纤维上,接着通过化学修饰,在PGMA接枝链上引入偕胺肟基团,成功地制备出了对铀酰离子具有吸附作用的偕胺肟化尼龙66纤维。详细地研究了单体浓度与接枝率之间的关系,研究了胺化开环反应过程中反应时间与基团摩尔转化率之间的关系。分别通过红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪和电子单纤维强力仪对原尼龙66纤维和修饰后的尼龙66纤维进行了化学结构、微观形貌、热稳定性和机械性能的研究,研究结果表明偕胺肟化的尼龙66纤维成功地被制备了出来并具有比较好的热稳定性和机械性能。在铀酰离子吸附过程中,分别研究了初始溶液pH值的影响、吸附等温线、吸附动力学、吸附热力学、吸附选择性以及在模拟核工业废水中的应用,研究结果表明偕胺肟化的尼龙66纤维对低浓度(1-25 mg/L)的铀酰离子具有优异的吸附效果和吸附选择性。通过共辐照接枝技术,聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(PDMAEMA)被接枝到尼龙66纤维上,接着通过化学修饰,将在PDMAEMA接枝链上负载高锰酸根离子,成功地制备了具有强效抗菌效果的抗菌性尼龙66纤维(PA66-MnO4)。详细的研究了单体浓度与接枝率之间的关系。分别通过红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪和X-射线光电子能谱仪对原尼龙66纤维和修饰后的尼龙66纤维进行了化学结构、微观形貌、热稳定性和元素形式的研究,研究结果表明高锰酸根离子成功被负载到尼龙66纤维上。依据抗菌测试方法,选用白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为测试菌种,对修饰后的尼龙66纤维进行了抗菌测试,测试结果表明PA66-MnO4纤维具有很强的杀菌作用(接近100%的杀菌率)。依据AATCC快速洗涤测试方法,对PA66-MnO4纤维的抗菌性进行了耐洗性能测试,测试结果表明在快速洗涤20次后,PA66-MnO4纤维仍保持强效的抗菌性能。通过单纤维强力仪对原尼龙66纤维、修饰后的尼龙66纤维以及快速洗涤后的尼龙纤维进行了机械性能研究,研究结果表明在制备和快速洗涤过程中,纤维的机械性能没有受到影响。
[Abstract]:Nylon 66 fiber (PA66), adipic acid and hexamethylene glycol by condensation reaction and preparation, is the earliest commercial synthetic fiber, has excellent wear resistance, fatigue resistance, heat resistance and chemical resistance, wide range of application. This paper uses radiation technology, ethylene vinyl monomer to nylon 66 fiber, and then through the subsequent chemical reactions, were successfully prepared for uranium containing wastewater treatment and antibacterial function of nylon 66 fiber. By Co irradiation grafting, poly glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) was grafted onto Nylon 66 fibers, followed by chemical modification, introduced in amidoxime group PGMA graft chains, were successfully prepared with adsorption of uranyl ion amidoximation of nylon 66 fiber. A detailed study of the relationship between monomer concentration and grafting rate, reaction time and the group of aminated ringopening reaction process The relationship between the molar conversion rate. By infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single fiber tensile instrument for the chemical structure of the original nylon 66 fiber and modified nylon 66 fiber morphology, study on thermal stability and mechanical properties, the results of the study show that amidoximation nylon 66 fiber successfully. Be prepared to prepare and have good thermal stability and mechanical properties. The uranyl ion adsorption process was investigated, the initial value of pH adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics, adsorption selectivity and application in the simulation of nuclear industry wastewater, the results of the study show that amidoximation nylon 66 fiber the low concentration (1-25 mg/L) of the uranyl ion has excellent adsorption selectivity and adsorption effect. By Co irradiation grafting technology, poly methyl methacrylate two methyl ammonia ethyl ester (PDMAEMA) Was grafted onto Nylon 66 fibers, followed by chemical modification, the permanganate ion in PDMAEMA load of graft chains, was prepared successfully with potent antibacterial effect of antibacterial nylon 66 fiber (PA66-MnO4). A detailed study of the relationship between the monomer concentration and grafting rate respectively. By infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope thermogravimetric analyzer, and X- - ray photoelectron spectroscopy of chemical structure of nylon 66 fiber and modified nylon 66 fiber morphology, thermal stability and elemental form of research, the results of the study show that permanganate ion were successfully load to the nylon 66 fiber. On the basis of antibacterial test method, selection of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus as test strains of modified nylon 66 fiber to the antibacterial test, the test results show that the PA66-MnO4 fiber has a strong bactericidal effect (with nearly 100% killed The rate of bacteria). On the basis of AATCC rapid washing test method, antibacterial properties of PA66-MnO4 fiber were resistant to washing performance testing, test results show that the rapid washing 20 times, PA66-MnO4 fiber remained potent antibacterial properties. By single fiber strength tester of nylon 66 fiber modified nylon 66 fiber and fast after washing the mechanical properties of nylon fiber were studied, the results show that in the preparation and fast washing process, the mechanical properties of the fibers were not affected.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(上海应用物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X771;TQ342.12

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