改性PVC耐低温性能的研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 21:04

本文关键词：改性PVC耐低温性能的研究　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着国民经济的迅速发展,高性能材料的应用越来越广泛。聚氯乙烯(PVC)以其优异的阻燃性、透光性、良好的机械性能和其低廉的成本,深受广大企业和用户的喜爱。目前,聚氯乙烯大量被用于涂层材料,以化纤、玻纤、棉纤等为基布,将PVC材料均匀的涂覆在织物的表面,以获得具有特殊功能的功能性材料,例如:防水性、阻燃性、增强、增韧、防风性以及改善织物的表面形貌等。但是这些都没有改善PVC涂层织物的耐寒性能,长时间在低温环境下,PVC涂层材料会发生脆化,产品变硬变脆,不仅破坏了产品的美观性、还降低了涂层织物的综合使用性能。本论文从PVC涂层浆料的改性入手,以改善PVC膜材的耐低温性能为基础,制备耐低温的PVC涂层织物。论文主要分为4个方面:第一部分,研究纳米橡胶SBR粒子改性PVC膜材的性能研究;第二部分,纳米橡胶PNBR粒子改性PVC膜材的性能研究;第三部分,纳米橡胶NR-541粒子改性PVC膜材的性能研究;第四部分,涂覆工艺对各类改性PVC涂层织物性能的影响。通过对各类改性PVC材料的流变性能、力学性能、低温性能、微观结构等的研究,其结果表明:(1)随着SBR橡胶的加入,PVC浆料体系黏度上升,粒子团聚明显,流变性随着温度的上升先下降后上升。当SBR含量为6 wt%时,当温度为65℃时,PVC体系黏度值为4500 mPa·s左右,符合工业加工、涂覆标准。同时当SBR含量为6 wt%时,PVC/SBR膜材的断裂伸长率为322%,提高了29.7%,㧟20℃时断裂伸长率为219.6%,提高了21%,但是在㧟40℃没有改善其性能。(2)PNBR橡胶粒子的加入,会PVC膜材体系的黏度,但是其影响小于SBR粒子,且PNBR粒子分散性优于SBR粒子。但是PNBR粒子的加入会严重影响膜材的透光率和雾度,并且膜材会产生一定的色泽,影响后期颜色的改变。PNBR能有效的提高PVC膜材的韧性和耐寒性,当PNBR含量为6 wt%时,在常温下其断裂伸长率为337.4%,提升了35.3%;拉伸强度为12.6 MPa,提高了40%。在㧟20℃时,断裂伸长率为249.5%,比纯PVC膜材提高了37.84%,拉伸强力提高了15%;在㧟40℃时,断裂伸长率为63%,比纯PVC膜材提高了21%左右。(3)NR-541橡胶粒子的加入,对PVC体系黏度的影响最小,当其含量9wt%时,其黏度值不会超过4500 mPa·s,可以在常温下直接涂覆。而且当NR-541含量为6 wt%时,对PVC膜材断裂伸长率提高80%,在㧟40℃的温度下,可以提高PVC膜材50%左右的断裂伸长率,能极大的改善PVC的耐低温性能。(4)PVC/SBR、PVC/NR-541的最佳烘焙温度为175℃,PVC/PNBR的最佳温度为180℃附近。且通过温度交替实验,拉伸实验、紫外老化实验以及微光结构实验等发现,PVC/NR-541材料涂覆后的材料不仅与PVC基体有很好的相容性,而且能有效的渗透到基布的内部,形成有效的粘接作用,同时其耐低温、耐紫外性能最佳。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, is used more and more widely. The high performance material of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with its excellent flame retardancy, transparency, good mechanical properties and low cost, the majority of enterprises and consumers. At present, a large number of PVC are used in coating materials, chemical fiber, glass fiber. Such as cotton fiber fabric, coated PVC material evenly on the surface of the fabric, functional materials, in order to obtain with special functions such as waterproof, flame retardant, reinforcing, toughening, windproof and improve the surface morphology of the fabric and so on. But these did not improve the cold resistance of PVC coated fabric. Long time in the low temperature environment, PVC coating materials become brittle, brittle and hard products, not only destroyed the beauty of the product, but also reduces the comprehensive use of coating fabric properties. This paper from the PVC slurry coating modification of PVC membrane materials to improve The performance of low temperature resistant based PVC coating preparation of low temperature resistant fabric. This paper is mainly divided into 4 parts: the first part, study on properties of nano SBR modified PVC rubber particle membrane material; the second part, study on properties of nano PNBR modified PVC rubber particle membrane material; the third part, study on the performance of nano NR-541 rubber particle modified PVC membrane material; the fourth part, effect of coating process on the modification of various PVC coated fabrics. The rheological properties of modified PVC material mechanical properties, temperature properties, microstructure study, the results showed that: (1) with the addition of SBR rubber, rise PVC slurry viscosity, particle aggregation, rheological property with the increase of temperature decreased and then increased. When the content of SBR is 6 wt%, when the temperature is 65 degrees centigrade, the viscosity value of PVC was 4500 mPa - s, in line with industrial processing, coating standard. At the same time when the SBR content is 6 wt% And the elongation of PVC/SBR membrane was 322%, increased by 29.7%, 20? C fracture elongation is 219.6%, increased by 21%, but in 40? C did not improve its performance. (2) joined the PNBR rubber particles, PVC membrane viscosity, but its effect is less than SBR particles and PNBR particles the dispersion is better than that of SBR particles. The transmittance and haze but PNBR particles will seriously affect the membrane, and the membrane material will produce a certain color, the color change effect of the late.PNBR PVC membrane can improve effectively the toughness and resistance to cold, when the PNBR content is 6 wt%, at room temperature, the fracture the elongation is 337.4%, up 35.3%; the tensile strength is 12.6 MPa, increased by 40%. in 20? C, elongation was 249.5%, 37.84% higher than the pure PVC membrane, the tensile strength increased by 15%; in 40? C, the elongation is 63% than that of pure PVC membrane increased by about 21%. (3) NR-541 rubber particle Sub join, influence on the viscosity of the PVC minimum, when the content of 9wt%, the viscosity value is not more than 4500 mPa - s, can be at room temperature directly coated. And when NR-541 content is 6 wt%, the PVC membrane elongation increased 80%,? Temperature of 40 DEG C, can elongation PVC membrane increased about 50%, can greatly improve the performance of low temperature resistant. PVC (4) PVC/SBR PVC/NR-541, the best baking temperature is 175 DEG C, the optimum temperature is 180 DEG C PVC/PNBR. And the temperature near the alternate experiment, tensile test, UV aging experiment and found that light structure experiment, PVC/NR-541 coating material after the material not only with the PVC matrix has good compatibility, and can effectively penetrate into the internal fabric, bonding effect, while its low temperature resistance, anti ultraviolet performance is the best.

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS106

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