沙漠石油钻机系统风险分析与安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 17:23

本文关键词：沙漠石油钻机系统风险分析与安全评价研究　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石油行业是国家综合国力的重要组成部分。石油对于任何一个国家都是一种生命线。随着国家对安全生产的重视程度越来越高,安全评价工作越来越走向成熟化。石油行业是一个高风险的产业体系,安全生产在油田生产中的地位十分重要。沙漠石油钻机系统结构非常复杂,其串联性和综合性非常强。沙漠石油钻机处在易出现风暴、沙量极高、环境温度高、昼夜温差大的沙漠环境中。因此,沙漠石油钻机系统安全隐患多种多样。石油钻机系统一旦发生安全事故,不仅给企业造成巨大的经济损失,而且会造成极大的环境破坏,更重要的是造成人员伤亡,给亲人带来悲痛和惋惜。因此,提高沙漠石油钻机及设备的安全性很关键;消除和控制石油行业的安全隐患很重要;降低职业安全健康风险、保障作业人员人身安全、合理利用资源、有效保护环境势在必行。本文以沙漠石油钻机系统为评价对象,结合沙漠特殊作业环境,对钻机钻井作业过程中的安全性进行系统分析和评价。风险分析及识别是安全评价中的重要环节。本文在建立人-机-环境-管理模型的前提下,分别从人、机、环境、管理四个方面对沙漠石油钻机的安全风险进行了分析和识别。四个影响因素不是单独存在的,而是相互影响的。通过数据收集和分析,分别得到各个作业环节中存在的风险源。安全评价方法是重要的评价手段。针对沙漠石油钻机中潜在的危险因素,本文运用FMEA、HAZOP、LEC等三个评价方法分别对沙漠石油钻机设备危险性、工艺危险性和可操作性以及作业条件危险性等方面进行系统性评价。除此之外,以塔里木油田X型号在役钻机为例,文章运用层次-模糊综合评价法方法(AHP-FCE)对该评价对象进行安全等级评价。安全对策的提出是在安全评价的目的。文章从人、机、环境、管理四个方面分别针对于沙漠石油钻机的风险管理提出了的应对措施。这些措施对于沙漠这种特殊作业环境中的石油钻机的安全有效钻井过程的有很重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Petroleum industry is an important part of national comprehensive national strength. Oil is a lifeline for any country. The work of safety evaluation is becoming more and more mature. The petroleum industry is a high-risk industrial system. The status of safe production in oil production is very important. The structure of desert oil rig system is very complex. The oil drilling rig in the desert is in the desert environment which is prone to storm, high sand quantity, high ambient temperature and big diurnal temperature difference. Once a safety accident occurs in the oil drilling rig system, it will not only cause huge economic losses to enterprises, but also cause great environmental damage. What is more important is to cause casualties and bring grief and regret to relatives. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the safety of oil drilling rig and equipment in desert. It is very important to eliminate and control the hidden safety problems in petroleum industry. It is imperative to reduce the risk of occupational safety and health, to ensure the personal safety of operators, to make rational use of resources and to effectively protect the environment. This paper takes the desert oil drilling rig system as the evaluation object and combines with the special operating environment in the desert. The safety of drilling rig is analyzed and evaluated systematically. Risk analysis and identification is an important part of safety evaluation. The safety risk of oil drilling rig in desert is analyzed and identified in four aspects: machine, environment and management. The four influencing factors are not independent, but mutual influence, through data collection and analysis. The safety evaluation method is an important means of evaluation. In view of the potential risk factors in desert oil drilling rig, this paper uses FMEA Hazop. Three evaluation methods, such as LEC, are used to systematically evaluate the risk of desert oil rig equipment, process risk and operability, and operational conditions. Take Model X in-service drilling rig in Tarim Oilfield as an example. In this paper, the method of hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to evaluate the safety grade of the evaluation object. The purpose of safety evaluation is to put forward safety countermeasures. Four aspects of management are put forward to deal with the risk management of desert oil rigs. These measures are very important for the safety and effective drilling process of oil rigs in this special operating environment in the desert. Meaning.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE922

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