季铵盐型表面活性剂的合成及其在织物脱水干燥中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-19 01:02

本文关键词： 季铵盐有机硅短氟链表面活性剂合成表面性能脱水干燥　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：季铵盐型表面活性剂是目前应用最广泛的一类阳离子表面活性剂,其可用作织物整理剂,如杀菌剂、柔软剂、抗静电剂和乳化剂等,在纺织行业有着很大的实际应用性。本论文以表面活性剂发展的绿色化、高效化、多功能化为主导思想,设计合成了六种季铵盐有机硅表面活性剂和两种短氟链季铵盐表面活性剂,系统地研究了其表面性能,并将其应用于棉织物的脱水干燥实验中,为季铵盐型表面活性剂在纺织品节能加工中的应用提供了实验依据。本论文具体内容如下:第一章介绍了本课题的来源及研究意义,并对表面活性剂的结构与性质及其在各领域的应用进行了概述。第二章合成了三种单离子型有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂,通过FTIR和1H NMR表征了产物的结构,并采用单因素法优化了反应条件。其最佳反应条件为:以苯甲醇为溶剂,KI为催化剂,在N2保护下于95℃反应48 h,原料摩尔配比(叔胺∶氯丙基硅氧烷∶KI)为1∶3∶0.03。通过表面张力、接触角、水解性能、吸附性能的测定研究了其表面性能及应用性能。研究发现三种表面活性剂均能将水的表面张力降至21 mN·m-1左右,且其在不同基材表面的润湿性能受其结构影响。通过测定其表面张力随时间的变化值可知三种表面活性剂都较易水解,且其在棉织物表面均具有良好的吸附性能。第三章合成了三种具有不同连接基的双子型有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂,通过FTIR和1H NMR表征了产物的结构,并采用单因素法优化了反应条件。其最佳反应条件为:以苯甲醇为溶剂,KI为催化剂,在N2保护下于100℃反应48 h,原料摩尔配比为1∶4∶0.04。通过表面张力、接触角、水解性能、吸附性能的测定研究了其表面性能及应用性能。研究发现三种表面活性剂均可将水的表面张力降至20 mN·m-1左右,且其在不同基材表面的润湿性能受其连接基的影响较小。通过测定其表面张力随时间的变化值可知以酰胺基为连接基的两种表面活性剂极易水解,且三种表面活性剂在棉织物表面均具有良好的吸附性能。第四章合成了两种具有不同连接基的短氟链季铵盐表面活性剂,通过FTIR和1H NMR表征了产物的结构。通过表面张力、复配性能、接触角的测定研究了其表面性能。研究发现两种表面活性剂均能将水的表面张力降至20 mN·m-1以下,其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为0.3 mmol·L-1和1.1 mmol·L-1。通过测定其与SDBS的复配性能可知,当复配液中两组分的质量浓度比为1∶1时,各组分间的协同效应达到最佳。通过测定处理前后聚丙烯(PP)膜表面的接触角可知处理后的PP膜具有更好的润湿性能。第五章将所合成的八种季铵盐表面活性剂应用于棉织物的脱水干燥实验中,建立了系统的脱水方法,测试了经不同表面活性剂溶液浸渍后涤棉织物的保水率、带液率及其脱水效率,并通过捕泡法研究了织物在不同溶液中的表面能。研究发现,经表面活性剂溶液浸渍后的涤棉织物保水率和带液率相对于纯水的均有所下降,且随着表面活性剂溶液浓度的增大,其保水率和带液率逐渐降低。其中,经0.5 g·L-1单离子型有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂IV1浸渍后的涤棉织物脱水效率提高最多,达到24.84%。
[Abstract]:Quaternary ammonium surfactant is a kind of cationic surfactant is the most widely used at present, which can be used as fabric finishing agent, such as bactericidal agent, softening agent, antistatic agent and emulsifier, has a great practical application in the textile industry. The development of green, with surface active agent with high efficiency multi function, as the dominant ideology, designed and synthesized six kinds of quaternary ammonium silicone surfactants and two kinds of short chain fluorinated quaternary ammonium surfactants, systematically studied the surface properties, and its application in the drying experiment of cotton fabrics, provide an experimental basis for the application of quaternary ammonium salt type surface the active agent in such processing of textiles. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: the first chapter introduces the origin and significance of the research, and the structure and properties of surfactants and its application in various fields are summarized. The second chapter is the synthesis of three Single ionic organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants, by the structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR, and using single factor method to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: benzene methanol as solvent, KI as catalyst, under the protection of N2 to 95 DEG C for 48 h, the mole ratio of raw materials (TERT amine: chloride propyl siloxane: KI) 1: 3: 0.03. by surface tension, contact angle, hydrolysis resistance, adsorption properties determination of the surface properties and application properties. The study found that three kinds of surfactants can be the surface tension of water to 21 mN - M-1, and the wettability of different the surface of the substrate are influenced by their structures. By measuring the surface tension change with time indicating that the three kinds of surfactants are easily hydrolyzed, and the cotton fabrics have good adsorption properties. Three kinds of gemini type different connections were synthesized in Chapter third Organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants, by the structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR, and using single factor method to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: benzene methanol as solvent, KI as catalyst, under the protection of N2 to 100 DEG C for 48 h, the mole ratio of raw material is 1: 4: 0.04. by means of surface tension, contact angle, hydrolysis resistance, adsorption properties determination of the surface properties and application properties. The study found that three kinds of surfactants can be the surface tension of water to 20 mN - M-1, and its wettability on different substrates by the effects of medium small. Even through the determination of its the surface tension changes with time value according to the amide linker of two kinds of surfactants can be easily hydrolyzed, and three kinds of surfactants have good adsorption properties on fabric surface. The fourth chapter was synthesized with two different short connecting base Fluorine chain quaternary ammonium surfactants, by the structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. Surface tension, compatibility, contact angle determination of the surface properties. The study found that two kinds of surfactants can be the surface tension of water to 20 mN - M-1 below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were 0.3 mmol L-1 and 1.1 mmol L-1. by measuring the performance of the compound with SDBS, when the mixture of two components in the concentration ratio of 1: 1, the synergistic effect among the components to achieve the best. Through the determination of before and after the treatment of polypropylene (PP) membrane contact angle showed that the wettability of PP processing after the film surface is better. The fifth chapter will drying experiment of eight synthetic quaternary ammonium surfactants used in cotton fabric, a method of dehydration system, the water retention rate by different surfactant solution after impregnation of polyester cotton fabric were tested, with The liquid rate and dehydration efficiency, and through the study of the surface fabric in different solution method can capture global. The study found that the surfactant solution impregnated polyester cotton fabric with liquid and water retention rate compared to pure water were decreased, and with the concentration of surfactant solution increased, Paul the rate of water and liquid rate decreased gradually. Among them, by 0.5 g - L-1 single ionic organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactant IV1 impregnated polyester cotton fabric to improve the dehydration efficiency up to 24.84%.

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ423.12;TS195.2

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