S-N-P复合型阻燃剂的合成及其阻燃聚碳酸酯的研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 23:30

本文关键词： 聚碳酸酯阻燃性能力学性能热稳定性能热分解动力学　出处：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于聚碳酸酯(PC)综合性能优异,已经被广泛地应用于国民经济的各领域中,但是PC材料易燃,垂直燃烧等级仅为UL-94 V-2级,而且其燃烧时会产生熔滴滴落,易引发火灾。为了满足某些特定领域对PC的更高阻燃要求,对PC进行阻燃处理势在必行。目前,用于阻燃PC的阻燃剂中,含卤阻燃剂因其会对环境造成严重的污染而逐渐被高效、环保的无卤阻燃剂所取代。将多种元素复配使用已经成为无卤阻燃领域的研究热点。本论文主要依据多元素协同阻燃这一思路,研究了以下几部分内容:(1)以对氨基苯磺酸、马来酸酐和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、为原料,制备了一种分子结构内同时含有S、N、P三种元素的复合型阻燃剂(SNP),利用质谱和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。热重分析法(TGA)结果表明,阻燃剂SNP具有较好的热稳定性,同时具备良好的成炭能力。(2)采用共混技术将阻燃剂SNP添加到PC材料中,并制备成PC/SNP的复合材料,然后利用极限氧指数法(LOI)、垂直燃烧法(UL-94)、锥形量热测试、热重分析测试等方法对复合材料的燃烧性能和热稳定性能进行了研究。测试结果表明,当SNP的添加量为0.1%时,PC/SNP体系的LOI值达到最大值34.5%,并顺利通过UL-94 V-0级,SNP在添加量低于0.25%时,PC基材的力学性能几乎不受影响。SNP的加入使PC的最大热释放速率和最大烟释放速率分别降低了21.1%和25%,存在气相和凝聚相阻燃的双重作用。添加SNP使PC的初始分解温度提前,促进形成连续的炭层。并且使用FlynnWall-Ozawa和Kissinger方法研究复合材料的热分解动力学,测试结果表明SNP可使PC的热分解活化能提高,提高了PC基材的热稳定性。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜(SEM)对LOI测试后的炭层表观形貌进行了分析,结果表明,阻燃剂SNP添加后使PC/SNP(0.1%)体系的表面形成连续、蓬松的炭层,起到有效的隔热隔氧效果,从而起到阻燃作用。
[Abstract]:Polycarbonate (PC) has been widely used in various fields of national economy due to its excellent comprehensive properties, but PC materials are flammable and the vertical combustion grade is only UL-94 V-2. In order to meet the requirements of higher flame retardancy of PC in some specific fields, it is imperative to treat PC with flame retardant. At present, it is used in flame retardant of PC. Halogen-containing flame retardants are becoming more and more efficient because of their serious environmental pollution. Environmental protection halogen-free flame retardants have been replaced. The combination of various elements has become a research hotspot in the field of halogen-free flame-retardant. This paper is mainly based on the idea of multi-element synergistic flame retardancy. In this paper, we studied the following parts: 1) using p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, maleic anhydride and 910-dihydro-9-oxa-phenanthroline oxide as raw materials. A composite flame retardant, SNPP, which contains three elements of Snapp in molecular structure, was prepared and characterized by mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the structure of the compound flame retardant was characterized by TGA. Flame retardant SNP has good thermal stability and good carbonization ability. (2) the flame retardant SNP is added to PC material by blending technology, and the composite material of PC/SNP is prepared. Then, the limit oxygen index method is used to measure the cone calorimetry, and the vertical combustion method is used to measure the cone calorimetry. The combustion properties and thermal stability of the composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and other methods. The results showed that when the content of SNP was 0.1%. The LOI value of the PC/SNP system reached the maximum value of 34.5and passed smoothly through the UL-94 V-0 SNPs when the addition amount was lower than 0.25. The mechanical properties of PC substrates were almost unaffected by the addition of SNP, which reduced the maximum heat release rate and smoke release rate of PC by 21.1% and 25%, respectively. There is a dual effect of gas phase and condensed phase flame retardancy. The initial decomposition temperature of PC is advanced with the addition of SNP. FlynnWall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods were used to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of the composites. The results show that SNP can increase the activation energy of thermal decomposition of PC. The thermal stability of PC substrate was improved. The morphology of carbon layer tested by LOI was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of flame retardant SNP makes the surface of PC / SNP0.1) system form a continuous, fluffy carbon layer, which plays an effective role in heat insulation and oxygen insulation, thus playing a role in flame retardation.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ323.41;TQ314.248

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