一体化无动力浸没式河道水质净化装置的开发与优化

发布时间：2018-02-11 08:14

  本文关键词： 原位修复技术 净化装置 装置启动 正交试验 综合评分　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水污染问题已经成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素,且近年来河道水污染问题尤其突出。传统河道治理及修复技术种类繁多,河道原位修复技术因其能实现在水体直接降解污染物而备受亲睐。其中微生物技术具有运行简单、抗负荷能力强、适用性广泛等优点,已成为国内外研究的热门。但常规技术往往存在投资较大、需要能耗、构筑不灵活等缺点,不适宜在中小河流开展应用。在此背景下,本文拟开发研制一套无动力浸没式河道水质净化装置,使其具有结构简易、布设灵活方便、无能耗需求等特性,在实际开发运用上,具有重要的实践意义。本论文自行研制的净水装置包括生物膜载体、反应固定器以及透水性半封闭端口三部分构成。以该净水装置为研究对象,本文主要进行三方面的试验:1、自然条件下装置启动效果研究;2、a、b、c三种生物膜基质(因素A),15cm、20cm、25cm三种反应固定器管径(因素B),40%、60、100%三种基质装填密度(因素C)条件下的正交实验研究;3、最优化工艺组合参数的实际验证实验研究。主要结论如下:(一)在平均CODCr浓度为59.39mg/L、平均NH4+-N浓度为7.52mg/L的进水条件下,保持平均水温为18.9℃,水力停留时间为3d,净水装置a、b、c均顺利完成启动,启动时间在27～35天之间。成熟基质的生物膜中,均含有大量藻类、均匀覆盖的菌胶团以及各种原生生物和后生动物。此时,装置a对CODCr、NH4+-N、TN、TP 的去除率分别为 45%、35%～40%、30%～35%、20%;装置b 对 CODCr、NH4+-N、TN、TP 的去除率分别为 35%～40%、30%、25%、15%;装置 c 对 CODCr、NH4+-N、TN、TP 的去除率分别 35%～40%、35%～40%、25%、15%。(二)从正交试验的结果来看,有机物去除方面,因素B和因素C对其去除效果影响较大,在A1B2C2工况下处理效果最好;除氮方面,A1B2C3工况对TN的去除效果最佳,A3B2C3工况对NH4+-N的处理效果最佳;除磷方面,A3B3C1工况对TP的处理效果最佳,A3B3C2工况对P043--P的去除效果最佳。(三)利用综合评分法及综合平衡法,结合各因素的极差分析,得到两组可能的最优组合参数,其分别为A3B2C2和A3B2C3。进一步对优化实验的验证可得,A3B2C3工况综合水质处理效果优于A3B2C2工况,且高于正交实验的九组实验,在该工况下,达到45.8%的CODCr去除率,26.0%的CODMn去除率,22.3%的TN去除率,57.2%的NH4+-N去除率,18.0%的TP去除率以及14.4%的PO43--P去除率。综合而言,从装置的启动、运行、优化的效果来看,本文自行研制的一体化净水装置具有实际的可行性及有效性。
[Abstract]:The problem of water pollution has become an important factor restricting the economic development of our country, and in recent years, the water pollution problem of river is especially prominent. River in situ remediation technology is popular for its ability to directly degrade pollutants in water body. Among them, microorganism technology has the advantages of simple operation, strong resistance to load, wide applicability and so on. It has become a hot research field at home and abroad. However, conventional technologies often have some disadvantages such as large investment, energy consumption, inflexible construction, etc., which are not suitable for application in small and medium-sized rivers. In this paper, a set of water quality purification device without power immersion is developed, which has the characteristics of simple structure, flexible and convenient arrangement, no energy consumption and so on, so it can be used in practical development and application. It has important practical significance. The water purification device developed in this paper consists of biofilm carrier, reaction fixator and permeable semi-closed port. In this paper, three experiments were carried out on the start-up effect of the unit under natural conditions. The three biofilm substrates (AJ 15 cm, 20 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm) were tested in this paper. The orthogonal solid density (factor C) under the conditions of the tube diameter of the three kinds of reaction immobilization apparatus (BU 40, 60%, 100%, factor C), was studied in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) under the influent conditions with an average CODCr concentration of 59.39 mg / L and an average NH4 -N concentration of 7.52 mg / L, The average water temperature was 18.9 鈩，

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