回转类零件几何误差检验系统及关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 08:47

本文关键词： 回转类零件几何误差优化算法 GPS 检验系统　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代工业、航天航空、汽车及各类精密工程中,以精密轴系为代表的回转类零件是机械产品的重要组成部分。该类零件的加工生产过程中,不但要求保证其尺寸精度,对它的形位精度也有很高的要求,圆柱度、圆度、轴线直线度误差等是精密轴系最重要的精度指标,它们直接影响该类零件与其他零件的配合性质、回转表面的定位精度,进而影响整个机器设备的回转精度、旋转件的振动、噪声、润滑、密封及零件的使用寿命等。因此,快速、精确、有效地对该类零件的几何误差进行精密检验,不但可以为保证机械产品质量提供必要的量化信息,还能为零件进行工艺分析提供可靠的依据,为进一步提高产品质量提供决策信息。自上世纪80年代初颁布实施“形状和位置公差”标准以来,几何误差的测量评定一直是国内外计量领域学术界研究的焦点之一。但是基于新一代GPS,回转类零件的几何误差检验系统的开发与及关键技术研究仍有所欠缺。论文在现有软硬件的基础之上,主要针对几何误差计量关键技术进行研究,主要研究内容有以下几方面:本文根据新一代GPS标准体系,首先对形状和位置误差检验操作算子进行了构建;在此基础之上,根据精度要求及测量仪器的测量原理,结合形位公差特点,对不同提取方案进行研究,制定了合适的提取方案。根据采集点的数据信息,进行分析,确定了滤波方案;针对现有算法运算速度慢等问题,在研究各种算法的基础之上,对比分析各种算法优缺点,为系统引入了更为快速、准确的算法,并建立了拟合规划模型;分析各误差评定程序实现流程,运用VB编程,并根据已有实验数据进行了实验验证。研究典型测量设备的结构与原理,制定了数据采集方案、处理流程,结合其特点,重新规划各类误差评定模块,制定集成、控制方案,完成了数据处理最终程序的编制,实现了计量系统与测量仪器的初步集成。论文旨在面向回转类零件,研究产品几何误差的数字化检验认证关键技术,为几何误差检验提供一套“标准、仪器、技术”统一的检验系统。论文研究,为面向其他典型测量仪器几何误差检验系统的研究及在线几何误差评定的研究提供软件基础和技术支撑。论文的技术及软件成果有其广阔的市场前景,它既可作为新一代GPS标准的配套应用工具使用,也可作为基础工具单独使用。凡涉及回转类零件产品设计、制造、计量的部门和企业均可用此配套工具系统及技术,应用前景广阔,潜在经济效益显著。
[Abstract]:In modern industry, aerospace, automobile and all kinds of precision engineering, rotary parts represented by precision shafting are important parts of mechanical products. The cylindrical degree, roundness, axis straightness error and so on are the most important precision indexes of the precision shafting. They directly affect the coordination properties of the parts and other parts, and the positioning accuracy of the rotary surface. Therefore, the geometric errors of this kind of parts can be inspected quickly, accurately and effectively, such as vibration, noise, lubrication, sealing and the service life of the parts, and so on, which affect the rotary precision of the whole machine and equipment, such as vibration, noise, lubrication, sealing and the service life of the parts. It can not only provide the necessary quantitative information for ensuring the quality of mechanical products, but also provide reliable basis for the process analysis of parts. To provide decision information for further improving product quality. Since the promulgation and implementation of the "shape and position tolerance" standard in early -20s, The measurement and evaluation of geometric errors has always been one of the focuses of academic research in the field of measurement at home and abroad, but based on the new generation of GPS, the development of geometric error inspection system for rotary parts and the research of key technologies are still lacking. Based on the existing software and hardware, The key technology of geometric error measurement is mainly studied. The main research contents are as follows: according to the new generation GPS standard system, the operation operator of shape and position error testing is constructed in this paper. According to the requirement of precision and the measuring principle of measuring instruments and combining the characteristics of shape and position tolerance, the different extraction schemes are studied, and the suitable extraction schemes are worked out. According to the data information of the collection points, the filtering scheme is determined. Aiming at the problem of slow operation speed of existing algorithms, on the basis of studying various algorithms, the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms are compared and analyzed, and a faster and more accurate algorithm is introduced for the system, and a fitting programming model is established. This paper analyzes the realization flow of each error evaluation program, uses VB to program, and carries on experimental verification according to the existing experimental data. The structure and principle of typical measuring equipment are studied, and the data acquisition scheme, processing flow and its characteristics are worked out. All kinds of error evaluation modules are reprogrammed, integration and control schemes are worked out, the final program of data processing is completed, and the primary integration of measurement system and measuring instrument is realized. This paper studies the key technology of digital inspection and certification of geometric error of products, and provides a unified inspection system of "standard, instrument and technology" for geometric error inspection. It provides the software foundation and technical support for the research of geometric error inspection system of other typical measuring instruments and the research of on-line geometric error evaluation. The technology and software achievements of this paper have a broad market prospect. It can be used not only as a supporting application tool of the new generation GPS standard, but also as a basic tool. All departments and enterprises involved in the design, manufacture and measurement of rotary parts can use this supporting tool system and technology. The application prospect is broad, the potential economic benefit is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG806

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