基于五轴平台CFRP增材制造轨迹控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 09:03

本文关键词： 纤维增强复合材料增材制造运动学求解 PMAC控制卡　出处：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：碳纤维增强复合材料具有高强度、高模量、耐疲劳、抗蠕变、热膨胀系数小等特点,被广泛的应用于航空航天、汽车、体育用品等领域。传统的复合材料成型工艺主要包括热压罐成型、传递模塑(RTM)、缠绕成型、自动铺放等技术,均需要模具作为成型基础和支撑成型工艺复杂、成型周期长、成本高。受限于脱模,传统成型方法难以成型构型复杂的结构。3D打印技术的出现为碳纤维结构制品快速低成本研制提供一条新的技术途径,无需模具,理论上可以成型任意复杂构型结构;采用热塑性树脂基预浸料熔融沉积成型,成型工艺简单,成本低。但传统的3D打印是由线在XY平面内堆积成面,再由面在Z轴方向上堆积成体,适用于传统的塑料、金属等均质材料。但对于具有各向异性特点的碳纤维复合材料结构而言,传统的平面分层方法存在Z向无纤维增强,使纤维取向不能按力传递方向优化布置,大大降低所成型制件的力学性能。因此,提出一种基于五自由度运动平台的连续碳纤维熔融沉积方法。基于五轴龙门式机床设计原理,构建五轴运动平台的机械结构,包括XYZ三个平动轴和一个绕Y轴摆动的B轴和一个绕Z轴旋转的C轴。采用"PC+PMAC多轴运动控制器"搭建五轴平台控制系统,设置控制卡各变量,调整平台运动稳定性,满足平台各轴之间运动相互配合。利用五轴联动机床通用的运动学模型对五轴平台进行运动学求解,通过后处理技术实现路径规划,并利用vericut软件对生成的运动轨迹进行模拟仿真,验证路径可靠性,之后利用搭建的五轴平台完成实物打印。实验结果表明,课题搭建的五轴平台,具有五轴联动3D打印能力,实现了课题的预期目标。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) have been widely used in aerospace, automobile, automobile, and other fields because of their high strength, high modulus, fatigue resistance, creep resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Traditional composite molding technology mainly includes hot pressing can forming, transfer molding RTM, winding forming, automatic laying and so on, all of which need mould as the foundation and support molding technology, and the forming period is long. High cost. Limited by demoulding, it is difficult for traditional molding methods to form complex structure. 3D printing technology provides a new technical way for rapid and low cost development of carbon fiber structural products without mould. In theory, any complex configuration can be formed. The thermoplastic resin based prepreg is fused and deposited. The molding process is simple and the cost is low. However, the traditional 3D printing is made up of lines stacked in the XY plane. Then the surface is stacked on the Z axis, which is suitable for traditional homogeneous materials such as plastics and metals. However, for the carbon fiber composites with anisotropic characteristics, the traditional plane delamination method has Z-fiber free reinforcement. The orientation of the fiber can not be optimized according to the direction of force transfer, which greatly reduces the mechanical properties of the formed parts. Therefore, a method of continuous carbon fiber melt deposition based on the moving platform of five degrees of freedom is proposed, based on the design principle of the five-axis gantry machine tool. The mechanical structure of the five-axis motion platform is constructed, including three parallel shafts of XYZ, a B-axis swinging around Y-axis and a C-axis rotating around Z-axis. The control system of five-axis platform is constructed by "PC PMAC multi-axis motion controller", and the variables of the control card are set up. The kinematic stability of the platform is adjusted to satisfy the motion cooperation among the axes of the platform. The kinematics model of the five-axis linkage machine tool is used to solve the kinematics of the five-axis platform, and the path planning is realized by post-processing technology. The vericut software is used to simulate the generated motion trajectory to verify the reliability of the path, and then the five-axis platform is used to print the material object. The experimental results show that the five-axis platform has the ability of 3D printing with five-axis linkage. The expected goal of the project has been achieved.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332

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