阳离子的疏水型页岩抑制剂的合成及评价

发布时间：2018-02-24 23:34

  本文关键词： 水基钻井液 泥页岩抑制剂 井壁稳定性 聚合物　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在当今世界的石油钻井过程当中,常会遇到水敏性地层,地层中的泥页岩水化膨胀会造成诸如井壁坍塌、不稳定及卡钻等复杂的钻井事故,油基钻井液对于解决这一问题是比较有效的,但其钻屑处理难度较大,易造成环境污染,成本高且不利于提高钻速,因此提高水基钻井液抑制性很有必要。水基钻井液主要依靠其中的页岩抑制剂发挥抑制页岩水化膨胀的作用,其中,有机阳离子页岩抑制剂是改善水基钻井液抑制性和抑制页岩水化膨胀的主要抑制剂之一,对降低井下复杂情况发生的概率具有重大的作用。本文采用丙烯酰胺(AM),甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC),丙烯酸十八酯(SA)为单体合成了一种分子量较低阳离子的疏水型聚合物作为页岩抑制剂,并采用单因素法优化合成条件:以乙醇作为溶剂,引发剂BPO质量分数和单体质量分数分别占反应体系的0.5%和3%,其中AM占60%,DMC占38%,SA占2%,在80℃的聚合温度下,持续反应5h,在该条件下能获得重均分子量为1.52× 105g/mol,页岩滚动回收率达90.37%的页岩抑制剂,命名为BJX-1,通过红外光谱,核磁共振波谱和热重分析表征聚合物的结构,证明合成的聚合物是目标产物,使用"芘"作为荧光试剂,采用荧光分光光度法证明了该聚合物可以形成疏水微区。对BJX-1的页岩滚动回收率、相对抑制率、线性膨胀率及抑制膨润土造浆等抑制性进行了评价,结果表明:随着抑制剂含量的增加,页岩滚动回收率和相对抑制率增加,表明抑制效果更好;且BJX-1表现出了比其他种类抑制剂更好的抑制效果,最佳加量为1%;BJX-1可以使线性膨胀率大幅降低,且在8h后基本达到稳定;具有良好的抑制膨润土造浆的性能,可使膨润土加量增加到35%。对BJX-1的抗温性和抗盐性进行评价,结果表明,BJX-1具有较好的耐温性,可达120℃,并且能与无机盐进行良好的配伍,具有较好的抗盐性。此外,BJX-1与钻井液的配伍性及降滤失性的结果表明:BJX-1不但能提高钻井液的综合流变性,使钻井液流变性更加稳定,而且具有相当好的降滤失性,具有一剂多效的作用。对在不同溶剂中的分散情况、接触角、扫描电镜的测试结果表明,经BJX-1处理后的岩屑和膨润土,表面润湿性会发生改变,扫描电镜中可明显看到经BJX-1处理后的岩屑表面会形成光滑似膜的结构。对黏土颗粒表面Zeta电位和层间距的测定结果表明,BJX-1中的阳离子结构可以通过分子间作用力吸附在黏土颗粒的表面,中和黏土颗粒的负电性,使得黏土颗粒的Zeta电位的绝对值降低,并且黏土的层间距减小,实验证明BJX-1通过这两方面的作用达到了抑制泥页岩水化的目的。
[Abstract]:In today's world of oil drilling, water sensitive formations are often encountered. The hydration and expansion of shale in the formation can lead to complex drilling accidents such as wellbore collapse, instability, and drilling jam. Oil based drilling fluid is effective to solve this problem, but it is difficult to deal with cuttings, which is easy to cause environmental pollution, high cost and unfavorable to improve drilling speed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the inhibition of water-based drilling fluid. The water-base drilling fluid mainly depends on the shale inhibitor to play a role in inhibiting shale hydration expansion. Organic cation shale inhibitor is one of the main inhibitors to improve the inhibition of water-based drilling fluid and inhibit shale hydration expansion. In this paper, a kind of low molecular weight cationic acid was synthesized by using acrylamide ammoid, methacryloxy ethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) and acrylic acid (18 ester) as monomers. Hydrophobic polymers as shale inhibitors, The single factor method was used to optimize the synthesis conditions: the mass fraction of initiator BPO and monomer accounted for 0.5% and 3 of the reaction system, respectively, with ethanol as the solvent, and AM accounted for 60% of the total amount of DMC and 38% of the total amount of SA, and the polymerization temperature was 80 鈩，

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