复杂钢结构件切割的高效排料技术及装备研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 19:40

本文关键词： 排料算法切割路径优化算法遗传算法球心枪摆机构　出处：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：绿色制造和节能减排已经成为制造业的重点发展方向之一。复杂钢结构作为一种常见的结构,其中大量的不规则零件制约了其制造效率。二维排样技术作为不规则钢结构制造中最常用、最关键的技术,其研究具有重要的实际价值及经济价值,一直是学术界和工业界的重要研究领域。本文进行了二维排料技术研究,并提出了一种可以改进大型钢板切割机器的球心枪摆机构,主要工作体现在:本文设计排料软件系统框架及排料算法,并对排料问题细节部分作出相应的处理和规定。文章首先确定了系统的四大模块,并对零件的数据结构、位置判断及重叠判断进行了分析。其次针对零件的特点对排料问题设计了初始排料方案,后对零件的排序方式进行了优化,并再次证明其可行性,将两结果进行对比。本文设计切割路径优化算法。文章对切割路径优化问题做了具体分析,在切割起点的选取上,选择容易进行引入引出线操作的特征点作为切割起点,并将零件最短切割路径问题转化为旅行商问题进行计算,利用贪心遗传算法优化。本文在三自由度平板切割的基础上,添加了二自由度球心枪摆机构,构成了五自由度等离子切割机器人切割方案。文章创新性的设计了可以避免由于高度产生碰撞的二自由度球心枪摆机构,并对其进行详细设计,后进行了平板切割软件介绍。本文在上述工作基础上,开发出了基于AutoCAD 2004的可视化人机交互界面,最后总结了整套系统的优缺点,并对未来做了展望。
[Abstract]:Green manufacturing and energy saving and emission reduction have become one of the key development directions of manufacturing industry. Among them, a large number of irregular parts restrict its manufacturing efficiency. As the most common and key technology in irregular steel structure manufacture, two-dimensional layout technology has important practical and economic value. It has always been an important research field in academia and industry. In this paper, the two-dimensional discharge technology is studied, and a kind of spherical gun pendulum mechanism which can improve the large steel plate cutting machine is proposed. The main work is as follows: this paper designs the layout software system frame and the layout algorithm, and makes the corresponding processing and stipulation to the detailed part of the layout problem. Firstly, the paper determines the four modules of the system, and the data structure of the parts. The position judgment and overlap judgment are analyzed. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the parts, the initial layout scheme is designed, and the sorting mode of the parts is optimized, and its feasibility is proved again. The two results are compared. The algorithm of cutting path optimization is designed in this paper. In this paper, the problem of cutting path optimization is analyzed in detail. In the selection of cutting starting point, the feature point which is easy to be introduced into the lead line operation is chosen as the cutting starting point. The shortest cutting path problem of parts is transformed into traveling salesman problem, and the greedy genetic algorithm is used to optimize it. In this paper, a two-degree-of-freedom spherical gun pendulum mechanism is added on the basis of three-degree-of-freedom plate cutting. The cutting scheme of a five-degree-of-freedom plasma cutting robot is constructed. In this paper, a two-degree-of-freedom spherical gun pendulum mechanism which can avoid collision due to height is designed and designed in detail. Based on the above work, a visual human-computer interface based on AutoCAD 2004 is developed in this paper. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the whole system are summarized, and the future is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG48

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