低温联合低氧胁迫下发芽大麦γ-氨基丁酸富集技术及产品开发研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 12:39

  本文关键词： 发芽大麦 γ-氨基丁酸 胁迫 富集 固体饮料　出处：《安徽科技学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大麦(Hordeum vulgareL.)是我国古老的作物之一,种植面积仅次于小麦、水稻、玉米,位居全球第四。大麦营养丰富,其成份符合当代营养学所需的"三高两低"。目前,世界上很多国家对大麦医疗及保健价值的研究表明,大麦营养价值丰富,还具有良好的药用价值,萌发后的大麦多种酶被合成或激活,植酸等营养抑制因子降低或消失,γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA)等功能性成份的含量显著增加,其营养性得到进一步改善。植物主要通过GABA支路合成GABA,而谷氨酸脱羧酶(Glutamate decarboxylase,GAD)是此路径的主要限速酶,通过低温和低氧环境胁迫可以增加GAD活力,促使GABA大量富集。本文研究了大麦中主要生理指标随发芽过程的变化;通过低温联合低氧胁迫优化出富集GABA的最佳培养条件;以富含GABA的发芽大麦粉和生姜粉为主要原料,复配优化得到发芽大麦生姜固体饮料的最佳工艺条件,具体研究如下:(1)随发芽时间增加,大麦营养物质消耗,功能性成份富集。表现出芽长伴随呼吸强度不断增加;干物质持续减少、可溶性糖与还原糖含量增加;可溶性蛋白下降以及游离氨基酸增加。球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均下降,而清蛋白含量增加。GABA富集量伴随GAD活力增加,在发芽3天时GAD活力最高,此时的GABA富集量最大为53.56mg/100gFW,较0天增加了 27.86%。(2)单因素试验表明,发芽时间、发芽温度、氧气浓度的增加,GABA富集量和GAD活力均先增加后降低。对此三因素设计响应面优化试验,得到的最佳培养方式为14℃,培养36h,氧气浓度为17%。此条件下预测得到的GABA富集量为88.97 mg/100gFW。验证试验表明,此培养条件下得到的GABA富集量最大为88.74 mg/100gFW,理论值与试验值的误差较小。因此,低温联合低氧胁迫条件能够促进大麦富集GABA。(3)以单因素试验为基础,以可溶性固形物为评价指标,优化得到发芽大麦的最佳浸提工艺为:发芽大麦粉与水1:20(g:mL),150W,60℃,超声提取30min,此时可溶性固形物含量为8.34g/100mL。经均质、喷雾干燥得到的原料大麦粉与生姜粉按6:4配比,辅料添加量以原料粉(按100%计)的量为基准,麦芽糊精25%,柠檬酸0.5%,SPSS 4%,木糖醇20%,得到固体饮料。
[Abstract]:Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the ancient crops in our country. It is second only to wheat, rice and corn, and ranks 4th in the world. Studies on the medical and health value of barley in many countries in the world show that barley is rich in nutritional value and has good medicinal value, and many enzymes of germinated barley are synthesized or activated. The content of functional components such as 纬 -Aminobutyric acid (纬 -Aminobutyric acid) was significantly increased. The nutrient properties of GABA were further improved. The plant synthesized GABA mainly through the GABA branch, and Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was the main rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway, and the activity of GAD could be increased by low temperature and low oxygen stress. In this paper, we studied the changes of main physiological indexes in barley with germination process, optimized the optimum culture conditions of GABA enrichment by low temperature and hypoxia stress, and used germinated barley powder and ginger powder rich in GABA as main raw materials. The optimum technological conditions of germinating barley ginger solid beverage were obtained by compound blending. The specific research was as follows: 1) with the increase of germination time, barley nutrient consumption, functional component enrichment, and the appearance of sprouting length accompanied by increasing respiratory intensity; The content of soluble sugar and reducing sugar increased, the content of soluble protein and free amino acid increased, the contents of globulin, gliadin and glutenin decreased, while the concentration of albumin increased with the increase of GAD activity. The maximum concentration of GABA was 53.56 mg / 100 g FW at the 3rd day of germination, which increased 27.86. 2% compared with 0 day. The single factor experiment showed that the germination time, germination temperature, germination temperature, With the increase of oxygen concentration, the enrichment of GABA and the activity of GAD increased first and then decreased. The optimum culture method was obtained by designing the response surface optimization test for these three factors at 14 鈩，

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