海上油气生产平台静设备基于风险的检验与评价

发布时间：2018-03-08 11:44

本文选题：海上平台　切入点：静设备　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于风险的检验(RBI)技术经过长达30多年的研究与应用,已经具备相对完整的技术体系,目前在我国陆上设备也得到了广泛推广。但由于国情、行业的差异,RBI技术在我国具体应用的过程中还存在问题。将RBI技术引入我国海上油气平台设备的安全评估领域,研究RBI方法在该类设施上的适用性,验证该评估方法的可靠性具有重要意义。根据国内海上油气生产平台静设备特点分析其主要损伤机理;结合海上油气生产平台分层的特点,改进Level 1后果面积计算公式;结合国内行业相关标准要求,将API 581-2008风险矩阵和《中海油设备设施完整性风险管理程序》风险等级划分标准重新组合得到新的评估矩阵,给出安全后果的转化方法;根据API 581-2008提供的风险变化趋势图形,结合压力容器、管道检验标准,阐明海上油气生产平台静设备制定检验策略的主要依据及内容;提出以数据库软件为基础建立RBI评估系统的方案,并采用Microsoft Access软件进行系统搭建验证,同时选取渤海某平台进行案例分析,验证RBI评估系统的实用性,并对比Level 1与Level 2分析法的面积计算效果。研究表明:海上油气生产平台静设备存在的主要损伤机理包括减薄(CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀、细菌腐蚀、冲蚀),应力腐蚀开裂(硫化物应力腐蚀开裂、氢致开裂、碳酸盐应力腐蚀开裂、氯化物应力腐蚀开裂),外部损伤(大气腐蚀、保温层下(CUI)腐蚀、大气应力腐蚀开裂保温层下(CUI)应力腐蚀开裂),压力容器衬里损伤和管道机械疲劳;海上油气生产平台静设备RBI评估系统的建立,极大地提高了 RBI评估的工作效率;采用新矩阵评估得到的失效概率等级和失效后果等级较API 581-2008得到的结果要高,由于海上油气生产平台的安全要求更高,上述结果更利于海上油气生产平台静设备的风险管理;运用RBI方法计算得到到检验周期一般要超过1年;Level 1分析法与Level 2分析法对于高风险项给出的失效后果等级基本一致,Level 2分析应该用于RBI评估系统评估后发现的与实际风险等级不相符或评估效果不好的设备;基于《中海油设备设施完整性风险管理程序》标准的失效后果等级划分,可有效避免海上油气生产平台面积大小不等所引起的面积划分标准不统一的问题。
[Abstract]:After more than 30 years of research and application, Risk-based testing (RBI) technology has a relatively complete technical system and has been widely popularized in China. However, due to the national conditions, There are still some problems in the application of RBI technology in China. This paper introduces RBI technology into the field of safety assessment of offshore oil and gas platform equipment in China, and studies the applicability of RBI method in this kind of facilities. It is of great significance to verify the reliability of the evaluation method. According to the characteristics of domestic offshore oil and gas production platform static equipment, the main damage mechanism is analyzed, combined with the characteristics of offshore oil and gas production platform stratification, the calculation formula of Level 1 consequence area is improved. According to the domestic industry standards, the API 581-2008 risk matrix and the Cnooc Facility Integrity risk Management Program (Cnooc) risk classification standard are recombined to obtain a new evaluation matrix, and the transformation method of safety consequences is given. According to the risk trend pattern provided by API 581-2008, combined with the inspection standard of pressure vessel and pipeline, the main basis and content of the inspection strategy for static equipment of offshore oil and gas production platform are expounded. This paper puts forward a scheme of establishing RBI evaluation system based on database software, and uses Microsoft Access software to build and verify the system. At the same time, a case study on a platform in Bohai Sea is carried out to verify the practicability of RBI evaluation system. The results of area calculation of Level _ 1 and Level _ 2 are compared. The results show that the main damage mechanisms of static equipment in offshore oil and gas production platform include thinning CO _ 2 corrosion, H _ 2S corrosion and bacterial corrosion. Erosion cracking (sulfide stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen induced cracking, carbonate stress corrosion cracking, chloride stress corrosion cracking, external damage (atmospheric corrosion, cui) corrosion, Atmospheric stress corrosion cracking (CUI) stress corrosion cracking (SCC), liner damage of pressure vessels and pipeline mechanical fatigue, the establishment of RBI evaluation system for static equipment of offshore oil and gas production platform greatly improves the efficiency of RBI evaluation. Using the new matrix to evaluate the failure probability level and failure consequence grade is higher than that obtained by API 581-2008. Because of the higher safety requirements of offshore oil and gas production platform, the above results are more conducive to the risk management of static equipment of offshore oil and gas production platform. Using the RBI method to calculate the test period, it is generally more than one year. The failure consequence grade given by the Level 2 analysis method and the level 1 analysis method for the high risk items are basically consistent. The level 2 analysis should be used in the evaluation of the RBI evaluation system. Equipment that does not match the actual risk rating or does not evaluate well; Based on the classification of failure consequence grade of Cnooc equipment facility integrity risk management standard, the problem of disunity of area division standard caused by different area of offshore oil and gas production platform can be effectively avoided.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE95

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