酚醛树脂基多孔炭材料的制备、表征及若干性能探索

发布时间：2018-03-18 06:24

本文选题：多孔炭　切入点：酚醛树脂　出处：《华东理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多孔炭材料具有发达的孔结构、高比表面积、良好的化学稳定性等优点,被广泛用于电化学,气体吸附等多个领域。但是,鉴于多孔炭在孔隙率,导电性,力学性能等诸多方面仍存在较大的提升空间,本文采用酚醛树脂,六亚甲基四胺(HTMA),聚乙烯醇(PVA),碳纳米管(CNT)为原料,以溶胶凝胶-碳化以及活化法为基础,制备了一系列多孔炭材料,并对其结构与性能进行了探讨,主要工作如下:(1)采用HTMA对酚醛树脂(PF)进行固化,考察不同HTMA用量对酚醛树脂成型及结构的影响,通过溶胶凝胶-碳化以及氢氧化钾活化制备出比表面积达到2228 m~2/g,孔容1.07 cm~3/g的多孔炭,将所制备的多孔炭用于超级电容器电极,表现出良好的双电层电容行为,比容量达到251 F/g;可归结于超高表面积对电容量的贡献较大。(2)利用PVA与酚醛(RF)复合制备多孔炭,考察不同PVA用量对RF成型及结构的影响,通过溶胶凝胶-碳化以及氢氧化钾活化制备出比表面积达到1600 m~2/g,孔容0.85 cm~3/g的多孔炭,产物表现出良好的双电层电容行为,比容量达到234 F/g;常压下对纯CO_2吸附量高达到5.33 mmol/g,而且发现其再生所需能耗较低,循环性能良好。(3)探索了用CNT与酚醛树脂(PF)原位混合并经后期碳化制备具有复合多孔炭,考察不同CNT用量对PF结构的影响,通过溶胶凝胶-碳化制备出多孔炭,将所制备的多孔炭用于钠电电极,其中添加10 wt%的CNT-10首次放电容量达417.6 mAh/g,但衰减较大,有待于进一步提高。
[Abstract]:Porous carbon materials have been widely used in many fields such as electrochemistry, gas adsorption and so on because of their developed pore structure, high specific surface area and good chemical stability. In this paper, phenolic resin, hexamethylenetetramine (HTMAA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carbon nanotube (CNT) were used as raw materials, based on sol-gel carbonization and activation method. A series of porous carbon materials were prepared, and their structure and properties were discussed. The main work was as follows: HTMA was used to cure phenolic resin. The effects of different HTMA content on the molding and structure of phenolic resin were investigated. Porous carbon with a specific surface area of 2228 mg / g and pore volume of 1.07 cm~3/g was prepared by sol-gel carbonization and potassium hydroxide activation. The prepared porous carbon was used as supercapacitor electrode and showed good double-layer capacitance behavior. The specific capacity of porous carbon was 251F / g, which can be attributed to the contribution of ultra-high surface area to capacitance. (2) porous carbon was prepared by using PVA and phenolic resin. The effects of different PVA contents on RF molding and structure were investigated. Porous carbon with specific surface area of 1600mg / g and pore volume of 0.85 cm~3/g was prepared by sol-gel carbonization and potassium hydroxide activation. The specific capacity was 234F / g, the adsorption capacity of pure CO_2 reached 5.33 mmol / g at atmospheric pressure, and it was found that its regeneration energy consumption was lower, and its cycling performance was good. 3) the composite porous carbon was prepared by in-situ mixing of CNT and phenolic resin (PF) and later carbonization. The influence of different CNT content on PF structure was investigated. Porous carbon was prepared by sol-gel carbonization, and the prepared porous carbon was used as sodium electrode. The initial discharge capacity of 10 wt% CNT-10 was 417.6 mAh/ g, but the attenuation was large. Further improvement is needed.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB383.4

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