微型智能餐厨垃圾处理设备开发

发布时间：2018-03-28 21:21

本文选题：餐厨垃圾　切入点：微型智能装备　出处：《安徽科技学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展,餐饮行业日益繁荣、城市化进程加快以及人们的生活水平不断提高,饮食文化呈现多元化,导致餐厨垃圾日产出量逐年递增。非法群体收集餐厨垃圾,一是提炼加工制造成"地沟油",兜售给餐馆或饭店老板牟取暴利;二是将餐厨垃圾直接饲喂家禽,如"垃圾猪"等,这些行为都会危害到人类的健康。餐厨垃圾混合城市垃圾,随意堆放,造成垃圾"围城"现象,严重影响市容市貌。餐厨垃圾的集中回收处理的难点,垃圾分类回收工作不仔细、回收量较低、从回收再到资源化处理,时间间隔较久。因此,实时处理餐厨垃圾越来越重要,微型、智能、便捷可移动餐厨垃圾处理设备研究、开发及推广应用迫在眉睫。本文主要通过实验检测餐厨垃圾成分并分析其理化特性,对不同的餐厨垃圾处理工艺、处理技术进行比较,分析现有的餐厨垃圾处理机的不足。再选择合理的处理工艺,并根据该工艺制定处理方案及确定处理机的功能,对设备的软硬件系统进行设计。论文阐述了微型智能餐厨垃圾处理设备的总体设计思路及其重要部件的工作原理和机械结构设计。基于变螺距螺旋输送离心脱水粉碎原理、连续波磁控管微波加热杀菌干燥技术、径向口模挤压成型技术,设计了固液分离装置。该装置主要包括磁性滤网、螺旋传输装置、粉碎部件、挤出口部件、内外滚动部件等。文中对固液分离装置各部件进行设计;对螺旋挤压器和螺旋轴进行用有限元分析并进行结构优化;油水分离装置中,利用物理方法实现废弃油脂和水分离。该装置主要包括同步钢带减速传动装置、废渣清洁装置、超声波粗粒化装置等。烘干灭菌装置主要是利用电阻丝加热原理对成型的颗粒状餐厨垃圾固体进行二次干燥灭菌,加热温度可以通过外置的温度控制系统自动调节。该装备使用喷嘴以及水管等零部件组成喷淋清洗系统,针对装备料筒内部进行润洗。该清洗装置还可以稀释餐厨垃圾中的盐分和油脂,使得到的基料易于储藏,便于肥料厂回收利用。依据餐厨垃圾自身特点以及对环保的要求,开发自动化程度高的微小型智能化,高效率餐厨垃圾处理装备,并结合单片机芯片,完成该装备的控制系统。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, catering industry is increasingly prosperous city, urbanization and people's living standard continues to improve, the diet culture diversified, lead to food waste production volume increased year by year. The illegal group is a collection of food waste, refined manufacturing "drainage oil", sold to a restaurant or hotel owner profiteering; two is the kitchen waste directly fed to poultry, such as "junk pig", these actions will harm to human health. Kitchen waste mixed city garbage, garbage piled up at random, resulting in "Besieged City" phenomenon, seriously affect the appearance of the city. Kitchen waste recycling difficulties, garbage recycling work carefully, recycling the amount is low, from the recovery and resourceful treatment, time interval is long. Therefore, the real-time processing of food waste is more and more important, miniature, intelligent, convenient mobile kitchen garbage treatment equipment research, open And the application is imminent. This paper mainly through the food waste composition experiment detection and analysis its physicochemical characteristics of food waste processing technology, compares the processing technology, analysis of the existing problems of food waste processor. Then choose the reasonable processing craft, and according to the process of making treatment plan and determine the processing function of the design of hardware and software system of the equipment. This paper introduced the working principle and the mechanical structure design of the micro intelligent food waste treatment equipment, the overall design and key components. The variable pitch spiral conveying centrifugal dewatering crushing principle based on continuous wave magnetron microwave drying technology, radial die extrusion molding technology, the solid-liquid separation device design the device mainly comprises a magnetic screen, spiral transmission device, grinding parts, extrusion parts, inside and outside the rolling parts. The design of each component of the solid-liquid separation device; the spiral extrusion device and screw shaft using the finite element analysis and structure optimization; oil-water separation device, the waste oil and water separation by physical method. The device mainly comprises a synchronous belt reducer, slag cleaning device, ultrasonic coalescence device. The drying and sterilization device is the use of resistance wire heating principle of forming granular solid food waste two times of drying and sterilization, heating temperature can be automatically adjusted through an external temperature control system. The use of equipment and pipe nozzle components such as spray cleaning system, the equipment inside the barrel rinse. The cleaning device can also be diluted in kitchen waste salt and grease, the base material obtained is easy to store, for fertilizer plant recycling. According to their own characteristics and food waste for environmental protection to The control system of the equipment is completed by the development of micro intellectualization with high automation, high efficiency kitchen garbage disposal equipment, and the chip of single chip microcomputer.

【学位授予单位】：安徽科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X799

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