公众参与环境保护的动力问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 08:42

本文选题：公众参与　切入点：环境保护　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放的深入发展,我国的现代化建设取得了前所未有的成就。但与此形成鲜明对比的是,环境污染却呈现愈演愈烈之势,并在一定程度上影响了人们的生产和生活。人们的环保呼声日益高涨,整个社会的环保意识也得到了一定程度的提升。但从整个社会来看,高认同、低认知、践行度不够的环保态势使得环境不断恶化的现状并没有得到明显改善。环境是公共产品和稀缺的公共资源,公众既是环境的使用者,污染者,同时也是环境最有效的保护者。从这个角度来说,环保的最终动力来自公众,没有公众参与,难有环境保护。但从目前公众参与环境保护的现状来看,依然不容乐观,这根源于公众缺乏参与环境保护的动力。因此,本文主要从动力角度切入来研究目前中国公众参与环境保护的问题。本文主要从以下四个方面展开:第一部分重点阐述了公众参与环境保护的现状。首先,对公众参与环境保护进行简要概念界定;其次,介绍公众参与环境保护在我国的历史沿革;最后,在肯定公众参与环境保护在我国取得积极进展的同时,着重剖析其在实践中的问题与不足。第二部分主要借助行为动力理论来分析影响公众参与环境保护的动力因素。以马克思的需要理论、马斯洛的需求层次理论、哈贝马斯和勒温的动力理论作为基础,得出影响公众参与环境保护的动力因素主要有:物质与环境利益、环保信仰、环保知识与能力、环保传统与环境法律制度。第三部分基于上述动力要素,着重剖析公众参与环境保护动力不足的原因。公众普遍奉行物质利益至上的观念,在物质利益与环境公共利益面前,更加倾向物质利益一方;公众环保信仰缺失;环保认知能力较差;公众参与环境保护历史传统薄弱;环境保护法律制度不健全。第四部分试图通过公众利益的实现、多元主体环境治理模式的探索、多维度的环境教育和环境法制的优化等多重路径激发公众参与环境保护的动力。
[Abstract]:With the deepening development of reform and opening up, China's modernization has made unprecedented achievements.However, in contrast, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious and affects people's production and life to a certain extent.People's environmental protection voice is rising day by day, the whole society's environmental protection consciousness has also been raised to a certain extent.But from the point of view of the whole society, the environmental protection situation of high identity, low cognition and insufficient practice makes the situation of environmental deterioration not obviously improved.The environment is the public goods and scarce public resources, the public is not only the user of the environment, polluter, but also the most effective protector of the environment.From this point of view, the ultimate driving force of environmental protection comes from the public, no public participation, there is no environmental protection.However, from the current situation of public participation in environmental protection, it is still not optimistic, which is rooted in the lack of motivation of public participation in environmental protection.Therefore, this paper focuses on the issue of public participation in environmental protection in China.This paper mainly from the following four aspects: the first part focuses on the status of public participation in environmental protection.Firstly, it defines the concept of public participation in environmental protection; secondly, it introduces the history of public participation in environmental protection in China; finally, while affirming the positive progress of public participation in environmental protection in China,Focus on the analysis of its problems and shortcomings in practice.The second part mainly analyzes the dynamic factors that affect the public participation in environmental protection with the help of behavioral motivation theory.Based on Marx's theory of need, Maslow's theory of hierarchy of demand, Habermas' and Lewin's theory of power, it is concluded that the main factors that influence public participation in environmental protection are: material and environmental interests, environmental protection beliefs.Environmental protection knowledge and ability, environmental protection tradition and environmental legal system.The third part analyzes the reasons why public participation in environmental protection is insufficient.The public generally adhere to the concept of "material interests first", in the face of material interests and environmental public interests, more inclined to the material interests side; the lack of public belief in environmental protection; the poor cognitive ability of environmental protection; the public participation in environmental protection history and tradition is weak;The legal system of environmental protection is not perfect.The fourth part attempts to stimulate the power of public participation in environmental protection through the realization of public interests, the exploration of multi-subject environmental governance model, the multi-dimensional environmental education and the optimization of environmental legal system.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X24;X32

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