激光超声可视化检测技术研究及在管壁缺陷检测的应用

发布时间：2018-04-11 11:21

本文选题：激光超声 + 可视化　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前管道缺陷无损检测方法主要有磁粉、渗透及超声检测等。但上述方法在环境多变的情况下存在弊端,如磁粉方法在铁磁材料上才适用,且对缺陷没有明确的方向;渗透检测法对表面上的开口缺陷才有作用,而且材料表面粗糙或者光滑度都会对检测结果有一定的影响;超声检测得到的结果显示不直观,需要加入耦合剂才能使用,对检测复杂形状的材料有限制。相对于超声方法,激光超声是新发展起来的一种方法,涉及光学、声学以及电学等学科。与传统超声检测法相比,激光超声优点众多,能够实现非接触检测,无需耦合剂,消除了耦合剂的影响,可对较复杂形状的检测件进行检测。激光超声与可视化技术的结合在检测领域具有重要意义。激光超声可视化结合图形学和图像处理技术,把数据与计算的结果变成一种图像显示出来,形象、具体的表达抽象数据包含的内容。本文设计了一种激光超声可视化检测技术,该技术将激光超声技术与可视化技术结合,首先用脉冲激光激发超声,再接收信号并进行可视化处理,从而实现超声波传播过程可视,并且能够实现管道内部材料完整性检测。在此基础上,设计并搭建了一套完整的激光超声可视化检测平台,包括脉冲激光器、三坐标移动平台、控制系统、检测材料、数据采集系统、光学传感器,基于Visual Basic编程环境以及TeeChart图形显示控件的可视化显示系统。设计实验系统,通过实验台对无缺陷铝管道和铸铁管道,以及有缺陷的铝管进行实验检测,得到超声信号的可视化图像,达到缺陷检测的目的。激光超声可视化技术的研究实现,检测结果直观,在无损检测领域是一种重要方法,会受到越来越多的关注和应用。
[Abstract]:At present, the non-destructive testing methods of pipeline defects mainly include magnetic powder, permeation and ultrasonic detection.However, the above methods have some disadvantages in the changeable environment, such as the magnetic powder method is suitable for ferromagnetic materials, and there is no clear direction for defects.And the roughness or smoothness of the material surface will have a certain impact on the test results; the results of ultrasonic testing are not intuitive, need to add coupling agent to use, which is limited to the detection of complex shape materials.Compared with ultrasonic methods, laser ultrasound is a newly developed method involving optics, acoustics and electricity.Compared with the traditional ultrasonic detection method, laser ultrasound has many advantages, which can realize non-contact detection without coupling agent, eliminate the influence of coupling agent, and can be used to detect more complex shape parts.The combination of laser ultrasound and visualization technology is of great significance in the field of detection.Laser ultrasonic visualization combined with graphics and image processing technology, the data and the results of the calculation into a kind of image display, image, concrete expression of the contents of abstract data.In this paper, a laser ultrasonic visual detection technology is designed, which combines laser ultrasonic technology with visualization technology. Firstly, the ultrasonic is excited by pulsed laser, and then the signal is received and processed visually.Thus, the ultrasonic propagation process can be visualized, and the integrity of the material inside the pipeline can be detected.On this basis, a complete visual laser ultrasonic detection platform is designed and built, including pulse laser, three-coordinate moving platform, control system, testing material, data acquisition system, optical sensor.Visual display system based on Visual Basic programming environment and TeeChart graphic display control.The experiment system was designed and the ultrasonic signal visual image was obtained by testing the non-defect aluminum pipe and cast iron pipe and the defective aluminum pipe. The purpose of defect detection was achieved.The research and realization of laser ultrasonic visualization technology, the test result is intuitionistic, is an important method in the field of nondestructive testing, and will be paid more and more attention and application.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG115.28

【参考文献】