深度净水工艺对锑污染的去除性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 08:41

本文选题：净水技术 + 纳滤膜　；参考：《苏州科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：国内外相关研究表明,锑对人体存在累积的毒性和致癌性。目前,国内外对净水中锑的深度去除方面的研究还很匮乏。并且,水源地出现突发性水污染,污染负荷超出预处理设施的承载能力,净水处理工艺作为临时的应急对策和“二道防线”,能否有效去除水中的锑及其他污染物,保障饮用水安全,尚缺乏深入研究。鉴于上述问题,本研究开展了两个方面的研究内容:(1)不同工艺对净水中锑的深度处理效果研究;(2)不同工艺对水源地污染水中锑和其他污染物的去除效果研究。所得结论如下:(1)不同工艺对净水中锑的去除效果有明显差异。对三价锑的去除效果看,以反渗透最优、其次纳滤滤芯、再其次为超滤,最后为活性碳棒滤芯;对五价锑的去除效果看,反渗透和纳滤滤芯效果最佳,其次为碳棒,最后为超滤。根据膜的特性以及参数,确认反渗透膜为性价比最优的去除锑之净水工艺,在过水量1000 L的条件下,三价锑和五价锑去除效率分别高达94%和97%。(2)不同工艺对水源地污染水中锑和其他污染物的去除效果有明显差异。碳棒、碳纤维、超滤膜、纳滤膜、反渗透膜、纳滤膜+碳纤维及反渗透膜+碳棒锑去除效率分别为28.7%、13.5%、7.3%、98.5%、99.0%、99.2%和99.2%。从耗氧量去除效率来看,纳滤膜、反渗透膜、纳滤膜+碳纤维和反渗透膜+碳棒效果明显,然而超滤膜对耗氧量净化效果较差,去除率仅为2.9%。碳棒、碳纤维、反渗透膜、纳滤膜+碳纤维和反渗透膜+碳棒在氨氮去除方面表现出较好效果,纳滤膜次之,但超滤膜对于氨氮去除几乎没有效果,去除率仅为1.3%。从六价铬去除效果来看,反渗透膜与反渗透膜+碳棒最为突出,碳棒的六价铬去除能力随过水量的增大有所下降,最终去除率为75.9%,碳纤维、超滤膜、纳滤膜和纳滤膜+碳纤维六价铬去除效果相对较差。(3)以水源地水中锑、耗氧量、氨氮和六价铬为观测指标,引入熵权系数评价模型,对不同净化技术方案进行优选和评价。若以除锑效果为主要导向,兼顾其他指标,则综合净化效果最优的技术方案为反渗透膜+碳棒,次优方案为反渗透膜,超滤膜净化效果较差。
[Abstract]:Studies at home and abroad show that antimony has cumulative toxicity and carcinogenicity to human body.At present, the research on the deep removal of antimony in purified water at home and abroad is still very scarce.Moreover, sudden water pollution occurs in the water source area, the pollution load exceeds the carrying capacity of the pretreatment facility. As a temporary emergency countermeasure and "two lines of defense", the clean water treatment process can effectively remove antimony and other pollutants in the water.To ensure the safety of drinking water, there is still a lack of in-depth research.In view of the above problems, this study carried out two aspects of research contents: 1) the effects of different processes on the advanced treatment of antimony in purified water; 2) the effect of different processes on the removal of antimony and other pollutants in polluted water from source water.The results are as follows: (1) the removal efficiency of antimony in water treated by different processes is obviously different.For the removal effect of antimony trivalent, reverse osmosis is the best, nanofiltration is second, ultrafiltration is followed by activated carbon rod filter, and the removal effect of pentavalent antimony is the best for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, followed by carbon rod.Finally, ultrafiltration.According to the characteristics and parameters of the membrane, the reverse osmosis membrane is confirmed to be the best water purification process for removing antimony with a performance-to-price ratio of 1000 L.The removal efficiency of antimony trivalent and pentavalent antimony is as high as 94% and 97% respectively.The removal efficiency of antimony in carbon rod, carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, carbon fiber membrane and reverse osmosis membrane is 28.713.5% and 7.398.5% respectively.According to the removal efficiency of oxygen consumption, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, carbon fiber and carbon rod of reverse osmosis membrane were effective, but the removal rate of ultrafiltration membrane was only 2.9%.Carbon rod, carbon fiber, reverse osmosis membrane, nanofiltration membrane carbon fiber and reverse osmosis membrane carbon rod showed better results in ammonia nitrogen removal, followed by nanofiltration membrane, but ultrafiltration membrane had little effect on ammonia nitrogen removal, the removal rate was only 1.3%.From the point of view of hexavalent chromium removal effect, reverse osmosis membrane and reverse osmosis membrane carbon rod are the most outstanding. The removal capacity of hexavalent chromium decreases with the increase of overflowing water, and the final removal rate is 75.9. carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane, carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane, carbon fiber, carbon fiber, ultrafiltration membrane,The removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium by nanofiltration membrane and carbon fiber is relatively poor. (3) taking antimony, oxygen consumption, ammonia nitrogen and hexavalent chromium in water source water as observation indexes, entropy weight coefficient evaluation model is introduced to optimize and evaluate different purification technology schemes.If the antimony removal effect is taken as the main direction and other indexes are taken into account, the best technical scheme of comprehensive purification effect is reverse osmosis membrane carbon rod, the sub-optimal scheme is reverse osmosis membrane, and the purification effect of ultrafiltration membrane is poor.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU991.2;X52

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