玉米芯制木糖生产企业危险性分析及评估

发布时间：2018-04-20 21:10

本文选题：木糖企业 + 危险性分析　；参考：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：木糖作为重要的食品化工原料,生产过程中存在火灾、爆炸、腐蚀、坠落等安全隐患,开展玉米芯制木糖生产企业危险性分析对维护企业生产安全、保证工人生命安全和社会稳定具有现实意义。在对木糖生产企业安全隐患分析基础上,构建木糖企业安全评价模型,采用可拓层次分析法进行综合评估。从木糖生产工艺着手,将生产工艺模块化,并对生产单元、生产物料、生产设备中存在的安全隐患进行归类,分析得到木糖企业在生产中存在的危险有害因素,主要有火灾爆炸、起重伤害、酸碱腐蚀等。采用事故树分析电葫芦吊物坠落事故,得出导致事故发生的主要原因是作业前安全检查不到位,工作中安全监管没落实,工作人员未按照安全规程进行操作,设备安全可靠性欠佳和作业环境条件恶劣等;采用HAZOP(危险与可操作性分析)分析法对木糖水解工段进行分析,得出造成木糖水解工段安全生产事故的原因主要有设备腐蚀和人员操作失误,装置、设备设计缺陷,催化剂硫酸自身存在的危险特性;采用TNT当量法对提供能量的蒸汽锅炉进行安全性分析,计算出爆炸危害半径,抽取出锅炉主要危险原因有锅炉水位、安全阀、压力表、等元件有效监测不到位,员工的安全教育和安全意识不够,锅炉车间在厂区位置等。通过运用三种安全评价方法对木糖生产过程中存在的重要危险进行合理分析,为应用可拓学进行综合评估,确定评估指标找到依据。应用可拓学对山西长治新埔木糖有限公司的木糖生产过程的安全性进行了分析评估,构建了4个一级指标,18个二级指标,采用可拓层次分析法建立可拓矩阵,引进可拓区间数概念,将判断矩阵区间化,使评价更趋近实际情况,引入物元可拓理论来构建待评价物元、节域物元和经典域物元,用可拓关联函数,计算各指标的可拓关联度以及评估对象安全性偏向某一等级的程度,从而得到安全评估结论为安全A偏向于B。验证了木糖生产企业安全评价软件实用性,运用该系统可以对木糖生产企业开展安全评价,简化了评价过程,软件界面友好,操作简便,容易掌握。运用该系统可以对木糖生产企业开展安全评价,为木糖企业改善安全生产条件提供科学快捷途径。
[Abstract]:Xylose, as an important raw material for food and chemical industry, has hidden dangers such as fire, explosion, corrosion and falling in the process of production. The risk analysis of corncob xylose production enterprises can maintain the production safety of enterprises. It is of practical significance to ensure the safety of workers' lives and social stability. Based on the analysis of the hidden dangers of xylose production enterprises, the safety evaluation model of xylose enterprises was constructed and the comprehensive evaluation was carried out by extension AHP. Starting from the xylose production process, the production process is modularized, and the hidden dangers in the production units, materials and equipment are classified, and the dangerous and harmful factors in the production of xylose enterprises are analyzed. There are mainly fire explosion, lifting injury, acid and alkali corrosion and so on. The accident tree is used to analyze the falling accident of electric hoist crane, and the main reason for the accident is that the safety inspection is not in place before the operation, the safety supervision is not carried out in the work, and the staff members do not operate according to the safety rules. The safety and reliability of the equipment is poor and the working environment is bad, the HAZOPanalysis method is used to analyze the xylose hydrolysis section, It is concluded that the main causes of the accidents in safety production of xylose hydrolysis section are equipment corrosion and personnel operation errors, equipment design defects, and dangerous characteristics of catalyst sulfuric acid itself. The TNT equivalent method is used to analyze the safety of the steam boiler which provides energy, and the radius of explosion hazard is calculated. The main dangerous reasons for the boiler are the boiler water level, safety valve, pressure gauge and so on. Staff safety education and safety awareness is not enough, boiler workshop in the plant location. By using three kinds of safety evaluation methods, the important hazards in xylose production are analyzed reasonably, which can be used for comprehensive evaluation of the application of extenics and finding out the basis for determining the evaluation index. The safety of xylose production process in Shanxi Changzhi Xinpu xylose Co., Ltd is analyzed and evaluated by extension theory. Four primary indexes and 18 secondary indexes are constructed, and extension matrix is established by extension hierarchy process. In this paper, the concept of extension interval number is introduced, the judgment matrix is intervaled, and the evaluation is closer to the actual situation. The matter-element extension theory is introduced to construct the matter-element, the nodal matter-element and the classical matter-element to be evaluated, and the extension correlation function is used. The extension correlation degree of each index and the degree of security bias of the evaluation object are calculated, and the result of safety assessment is that the safety A is biased to B. The practicability of the safety evaluation software for xylose production enterprises is verified. The system can be used to evaluate the safety of xylose production enterprises and simplify the evaluation process. The software is friendly in interface, easy to operate and easy to master. The system can be used to evaluate the safety of xylose production enterprises, and provide a scientific and quick way for xylose enterprises to improve safety production conditions.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ353.8;TQ929

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