压剥式油茶果破壳机的设计与试验

发布时间：2018-04-20 20:23

本文选题：油茶果 + 压剥式破壳　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：油茶果是我国特有的油料植物,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,其营养保健价值不亚于橄榄油,有“东方橄榄油”之称。近几年,油茶果种植面积不断扩大;但在广大地区油茶果采后加工仍采用人工处理方法,机械化程度不高,效益低下。本文的目的是设计一种油茶果破壳机,具体研究工作如下:首先,从降低油茶果破籽率和提高果壳完整性入手,采用气动压剥指模仿人手指剥壳动作,开发出一种压剥式油茶果破壳机。该装置主要部件是压剥指,基本结构形式为直动滑杆机构,通过改变气缸内气体的压力值而改变施加在油茶果上挤压力的大小;同时设计出了与之相配套的带刃的梯形轨道。在这些工作的基础之上完成了破壳机整机结构和气压传动系统的设计,最后绘制了图纸,制作了一台油茶果破壳机样机。其次,利用虚拟样机技术,采用ADAMS软件对建模后的脱壳部件进行了油茶果压剥角运动学仿真分析。从得到的仿真结果可知:油茶果直径不同,压剥角大小也不相同,但角度整体相差不大且均大于90?,满足达到瓣壳的条件。然后,制作出试验装置对仿真结果进行了试验验证,得到的结果与仿真结果相同,试验表明:油茶果破壳机满足相关设计要求。最后,对样机进行了单因素和正交试验。选取轨道夹角?、辊子转速n和气缸压力p三个因素建立三水平正交试验表,以脱壳率Wt、破籽率Wp、籽中含壳率Ws为评价指标,得出了正交试验结果表,同时对试验结果进行了方差分析;确定了最佳组合为轨道夹角为40?,辊子转速80 r/min,气缸压力值为3 bar。然后在研制的破壳机上进行了现场试验,验证了破壳机良好的脱壳效果,通过试验得出了在最佳参数条件下破壳机的脱壳率为91.5%,破籽率为2.0%,籽中含壳率为18.3%。表明该破壳机满足实际生产要求,可为油茶果脱壳加工提供参考。本文以试验测出的油茶果力学特性为基础,设计并制造出一台压剥式油茶果破壳机,采用ADAMS软件对破壳过程中油茶果压剥角进行了运动学仿真分析和试验验证,最后进行了单因素和正交试验,现场试验表明:破壳机各项指标均达到设计要求,具有很高的实用价值。该破壳机的研究成功对油茶果产业相关机械研究与开发具有一定的参考价值,对油茶果产业的发展也有一定的推动作用。
[Abstract]:Camellia oleifera fruit is a unique oil plant in China with high unsaturated fatty acid content, and its nutritional and health value is no less than that of olive oil, which is called "Oriental olive oil". In recent years, the acreage of Camellia oleifera has been continuously expanded, but the artificial processing method is still used in the post-harvest processing of Camellia oleifera fruit in the vast area, the degree of mechanization is not high, and the benefit is low. The purpose of this paper is to design a kind of Camellia oleifera husk breaking machine. The specific research work is as follows: firstly, starting with reducing the seed breaking rate of Camellia oleifera fruit and improving its shell integrity, pneumatic peeling finger is used to imitate the action of human finger shell stripping. Develop a kind of peeling type Camellia oleifera husk breaking machine. The main component of the device is peeling, the basic structure is a straight-moving slider mechanism, by changing the pressure value of the gas in the cylinder to change the size of the extrusion force applied on the Camellia oleifera fruit, and the corresponding trapezoidal track with the blade is designed. On the basis of these works, the whole structure of the crusher and the pneumatic transmission system are designed. At last, the drawing is drawn and a prototype of the Camellia oleifera crusher is made. Secondly, using virtual prototyping technology and ADAMS software, the kinematic simulation analysis of Camellia oleifera fruit peeling angle was carried out. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the peeling angle of Camellia oleifera fruit is different with different diameters, but the whole angle is little and larger than 90%, which satisfies the condition to reach the valve shell. The experimental results are the same as the simulation results. The experimental results show that the Camellia oleifera crusher can meet the design requirements. Finally, single factor and orthogonal test were carried out on the prototype. Three level orthogonal test tables were established by selecting three factors: track angle, roll speed n and cylinder pressure p. The orthogonal test results were obtained by taking the hulling rate W _ t, the seed breaking rate W _ p and the hull content ratio W _ s in the seed as evaluation indexes. At the same time, the analysis of variance of the test results shows that the best combination is that the rail angle is 40, the rotation speed of the roller is 80 rmin, and the cylinder pressure is 3 bar. Then the field test was carried out on the developed crusher to verify the good effect of the crusher. The results show that the hulling rate of the crusher is 91.5%, the seed breaking rate is 2.0 and the shell content in the seed is 18.3B under the optimum parameters. The results show that the crusher can meet the actual production requirements and can provide a reference for the dehulling process of Camellia oleifera fruit. Based on the mechanical properties of Camellia oleifera fruit measured by experiments, this paper designs and manufactures a pressure-peeling camellia fruit crusher. The kinematic simulation analysis and experimental verification of the peeling angle of Camellia oleifera fruit during the process of husking are carried out by using ADAMS software. At last, single factor and orthogonal test are carried out. The field test shows that each index of the crusher meets the design requirements and has high practical value. The successful research of the crusher has certain reference value for the research and development of the machinery related to the Camellia oleifera fruit industry, and also has a certain role in promoting the development of the Camellia oleifera fruit industry.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS203

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