浅层采空区稳定性微震监测技术与应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 21:20

本文选题：采空区 + 微震监测　；参考：《长沙矿山研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国许多金属非金属矿山存在着大量未处理采空区,致使围岩受力环境复杂,矿山开采条件恶化。在爆破振动等的持续影响下,极易诱发采空区变形、失稳甚至破坏,给矿山生产和安全管理带来严重影响。由于采空区垮塌已造成多起安全事故,已逐渐成为影响金属非金属矿山安全生产最主要的危害源之一。微震监测技术可对采空区围岩变形破坏模式和范围在时间、空间上的变化规律进行有效预测,已广泛应用于矿山动力灾害的预警预报,并在实践中逐步发展。根据浅层采空区围岩受力变形的特性,本文以浅层采空区为研究对象,依托课题组承担的3项不同背景条件下浅层采空区稳定性微震监测研究课题,开展了以下几个方面的研究工作:(1)微震监测系统布置与定位精度优化研究。基于三种不同背景条件下的监测目标,分别制定了不同的监测方案,通过预期精度反演,模拟了目标区域定位误差分布情况;采用人工放炮的方式进一步优化了定位参数,确定了合适的速度模型,使系统达到了最优的定位效果。(2)矿山周边民采活动监测研究。以太钢集团公司袁家村铁矿南部碾沟民采活动微震监测项目为背景,基于统计学原理,分析了有效监测数据的时间频次、空间分布演化规律,确定了越界开采活动位置,掌握了活动规律,为矿山打击民窿盗采活动提供了有力证据。(3)近地表采空区稳定性微震监测预警研究。以福建省潘洛铁矿近地表采空区稳定性微震监测项目为背景,对矿山生产活动与微震活动性之间的关系进行了量化分析,总结了微震活动模式、时空分布特征,指导矿山对微震活动频繁区域进行重点防范与管理,确保了矿山安全高效生产。(4)地下转露天开采采空区稳定性微震监测预警研究。以广东省大宝山矿地下转露天开采采空区稳定性微震监测项目为背景,提出了“能量指数与累积视体积之比(EIE)”、“施密特数与累积视体积之比(sScE)”2个概念,并将其作为岩体稳定性预测的指标,同时结合b值与事件数,以此3组参数建立浅层采空区稳定性微震监测预报的一般模式,并在现场采空区大塌方中得到有效验证。(5)浅层采空区顶板冒落过程微震信息分形维数时间演化规律研究。采用大宝山矿采空区顶板冒落前后微震监测数据,以分形理论为基础,从时间、空间、能量三个角度分别计算了各自的分形维值,揭示了岩体发生失稳破坏时微震信息分形维数随时间演化规律,并给出采空区围岩变形破坏不同阶段微震参数的分形特性。
[Abstract]:There are a large number of untreated goaf in many metal nonmetallic mines in China, which leads to the complicated stress environment of surrounding rock and the deterioration of mining conditions. Under the continuous influence of blasting vibration, it is easy to induce goaf deformation, instability or even destruction, which has a serious impact on mine production and safety management. As the collapse of goaf has caused many safety accidents, it has gradually become one of the most important sources of harm to the safety production of metal nonmetallic mines. The microseismic monitoring technology can effectively predict the time and space variation of the deformation and failure mode and range of surrounding rock in goaf. It has been widely used in the early warning and prediction of mining dynamic disasters and has been developed step by step in practice. According to the mechanical deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in shallow goaf, this paper takes shallow goaf as the research object, and relies on the research subject of microseismic monitoring of stability of shallow goaf under three different background conditions undertaken by the research group. In this paper, the following research work is carried out: 1) the optimization of the arrangement and positioning accuracy of the microseismic monitoring system. Based on the monitoring targets under three different background conditions, different monitoring schemes are developed, and the location error distribution in the target area is simulated by inversion of the expected accuracy, and the positioning parameters are further optimized by manual firing. The suitable speed model is determined to make the system achieve the optimal positioning effect. 2) the monitoring study of mining activity around the mine. Based on the background of the monitoring project of civil mining activities in Nangou in the south of Yuanjiacun Iron Mine of Taigang Group Company, based on the principle of statistics, this paper analyzes the time frequency, spatial distribution and evolution law of effective monitoring data, and determines the location of mining activity across the boundary. The study of microseismic monitoring and early warning of the stability of near surface goaf is provided by mastering the law of movement and providing strong evidence for attacking the mining activities of people and pilfering mining in mines. Based on the monitoring project of stability of mined-out area near the surface of Panluo Iron Mine in Fujian Province, the relationship between mine production activity and microseismic activity is analyzed quantitatively, and the pattern of microseismic activity and the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution are summarized. To guide mine to focus on the prevention and management of frequent microseismic activities, to ensure the safety and efficiency of mine production. 4) the underground conversion to open-pit mining stability of microseismic monitoring and early warning research. Based on the project of monitoring the stability of goaf stability in Dabaoshan Mine, Guangdong Province, two concepts are proposed: "ratio of energy index to cumulative apparent volume (EIEE)" and "ratio of Schmitt number to cumulative apparent volume (SSC)". Taking it as the index of rock mass stability prediction and combining b value with the number of events, the general model of monitoring and prediction of microseismic stability in shallow goaf is established by using three groups of parameters. The fractal dimension of microseismic information in shallow goaf is studied in this paper. The microseismic monitoring data before and after the roof caving in the goaf of Dabaoshan Mine are used. Based on fractal theory, the fractal dimension of the mined-out area is calculated from three angles of time, space and energy, respectively. The evolution law of fractal dimension of microseismic information with time is revealed when rock mass is unstable and failure, and the fractal characteristics of microseismic parameters in different stages of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in goaf are given.
【学位授予单位】：长沙矿山研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD325.4

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