高效双亲乳化剂在稠油乳化降粘及油污清洗中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-09 04:02

本文选题：乳化降粘 + 响应型乳化剂　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界能源供应日趋紧张,储量丰富的稠油日益引起各国的重视。开发阶段一方面要求乳液稳定性好;另一方面在集输终点又要求乳液能够快速破乳。传统乳化剂虽然能够起到很好的乳化效果,但却存在后期破乳困难的问题。因此,寻求一种能够快速乳化和破乳的高效双亲乳化剂将对稠油的开采具有重要意义。近年来"响应型"双亲乳化剂作为一种新型化学产品引起人们的广泛关注,通过控制其表面活性,可以使乳液的乳化和破乳可逆调控。传统的"响应型"乳化剂主要包括光敏型、pH型、光响应型、温度和C02响应等几种方式。相比于其他响应方式,C02响应具有环境友好、可重复利用和廉价等优点。稠油开采和加工时将产生大量含油固废,比如废弃油基泥浆、油泥和钻屑等。由于含油污泥和钻屑含油率较高,如果能够对其油相进行合理回收利用,不仅能够提高资源利用效率,而且会产生巨大的环境效益。传统的处理方法主要包括焚烧、回填、固化、固液分离和热处理等手段,焚烧会造成环境的污染,回填并未消除有机污染物,存在安全隐患,固化占地面积大,固液分离技术耗能高,热处理技术运行成本高,产生大量烟尘和浓烈气味,对环境造成污染,因此寻求一种高效、无污染和低耗能的处理技术迫在眉睫。微乳液具有超低面张力和较强增溶效果,一定条件下,油相能够自发"溶解"到体系中,不需要额外能量输入。同时微乳液制备方法简单、成本低、适用范围广、清洗效果好、无污染,通过调整微乳液的相态有望实现油相回收,具有良好的应用前景。与以前常用剂相比,Gemini型具备许多优点,比如低IFT和低CMC。本文包括以下两部分内容:第一部分:选取长链脂肪酸与聚醚胺D 230制备了一种具有CO2响应性的高效双亲乳化剂D-OA,首先通过外观、pH和电导率考察了 D-OA在水相中的C02响应性;其次考察D-OA乳化、破乳、聚醚胺D 230回用;最后研究了乳化剂降粘性。第二部分:使用D-OA与AEO-9制备了一种具有良好清洗能力的微乳液,首先研究了微乳液的拟三元相图,证实了该微乳液对油相有很好的增溶效果;其次进行了清洗含油污泥、含油钻屑及稠油的室内模拟实验,并考察了温度、时间和搅拌速率对清洗效果的影响;最后研究了微乳液降粘效果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of energy supply in the world, the rich heavy oil attracts more and more attention. On the one hand, the stability of emulsion is required in the development stage, on the other hand, the emulsion can be demulsified quickly at the end of gathering and transportation. Although the traditional emulsifier can play a very good emulsifying effect, but it is difficult to demulsify in the later stage. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek an efficient amphiphilic emulsifier which can be used for rapid emulsification and demulsification. In recent years, the "responsive" amphiphilic emulsifier has attracted much attention as a new chemical product. By controlling its surface activity, emulsion emulsification and demulsification can be controlled reversible. The traditional "responsive" emulsifiers mainly include Guang Min type pH type, light response type, temperature and CO2 response. Compared with other response modes, C02 is environmentally friendly, reusable and inexpensive. Heavy oil production and processing will produce a large amount of solid oil waste, such as waste oil-based mud, mud and drilling debris. Due to the high oil content of oily sludge and cuttings, if the oil phase can be recovered reasonably, it will not only improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also produce great environmental benefits. The traditional treatment methods mainly include incineration, backfill, solidification, solid-liquid separation and heat treatment, etc. Incineration will cause environmental pollution, backfill does not eliminate organic pollutants, there are hidden dangers in safety, and the solidification covers a large area. Solid-liquid separation technology has high energy consumption, high operating cost of heat treatment technology, and produces a large amount of smoke and strong odor, which pollutes the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to seek an efficient, non-polluting and low-energy-consuming treatment technology. The microemulsion has ultra-low surface tension and strong solubilization effect. Under certain conditions, the oil phase can spontaneously "dissolve" into the system without additional energy input. At the same time, the preparation method of microemulsion is simple, low cost, wide range of application, good cleaning effect and no pollution. It is expected to realize oil phase recovery by adjusting the phase state of microemulsion, which has a good application prospect. The Gemini type has many advantages, such as low IFT and low CMCs. This paper includes the following two parts: in the first part, a high efficiency amphiphilic emulsifier D-OAA with CO2 responsiveness was prepared by selecting long-chain fatty acids and polyether amine D230. Firstly, the CO2 responsiveness of D-OA in aqueous phase was investigated by external pH and conductivity. Secondly, D-OA emulsification, demulsification and polyether amine D 230 reuse were investigated. Finally, viscosity reduction of emulsifier was studied. The second part: a kind of microemulsion with good cleaning ability was prepared by using D-OA and AEO-9. Firstly, the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the microemulsion was studied, which proved that the microemulsion had a good solubilization effect on the oil phase, and then the oily sludge was cleaned. The effects of temperature, time and stirring rate on the cleaning effect were investigated. Finally, the viscosity reduction effect of microemulsion was studied.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE39

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