小清河流域水环境保护政策回顾性评价

发布时间：2018-05-13 22:40

本文选题：战略环评 + 政策环评　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水作为生命之源、生产之要、生态之基,不仅是人类生存必不可缺的元素之一,也是制约生态环境保护和社会经济发展的重要因素。随着城市化和工业化程度的不断提高,人口不断增加,社会经济快速发展,不管是生活用水还是工业用水都需要大量的水资源,产生的废水排入外环境,造成严重的水污染问题。几十年来,中国政府采取了一系列的相关政策措施来力图改善越来越严重的水污染状况,水污染恶化的势头得到了一定的遏制。小清河流域是连接省会城市经济群与半岛蓝色经济区、黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的纽带,对山东省社会经济发展具有举足轻重的作用。小清河流经区域是山东省经济社会发展程度较高的地区,人口比较密集,城镇化、工业化水平较高,作为沿途主要的纳污河流,大量的生活污水和工业废水排入小清河。在多年快速的经济发展后,小清河流域水污染问题日益严重,生态环境恶化,严重威胁沿岸的经济发展和社会稳定。多年来,山东省政府和沿途各市均出台了相关政策对小清河进行治理,水质有所改善,但目前仍是山东省水环境质量最差的流域之一。本论文通过对小清河流域的水环境治理政策进行回顾分析,研究相关政策实施后流域水环境状况改善情况,综合评价水环境保护政策的环境效益,对于小清河流域生态环境保护修复、后续水环境保护政策的制定和实施有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在对小清河流域各个时期实施的水环境保护政策进行了回顾性分析的基础上,自小清河源头至入海口选取睦里庄、还乡店、大码头、辛丰庄、浮桥以及石村断面为研究对象,分析各断面主要污染物在1991年-2014年的水质达标情况、污染物排放控制情况以及废水处理率变化情况,并结合各时期所实施的水环境保护政策,评价其水环境效益和有效性。本文研究发现,1991年至2014年间,在流域水环境保护政策的实施下,小清河流域水环境质量有了明显的改善,各断面主要污染物浓度有明显的下降,2014年,除上游还乡店、大码头及辛丰庄断面氨氮浓度仍不能达标外,其余各断面水质均能够达到相应水质标准;流域内各市主要污染物排放量得到了有效控制,工业废水达标排放率能够达到100%,生活污水处理率达到90%以上,均达到较高水平;水环境保护政策的实施与水质变化有较好的相关性,当治理政策实施力度加大时,流域各断面水质得到提升,而一旦政策实施出现不连续,水质会出现恶化。最后基于以上分析,分析了小清河流域水环境保护政策中存在的不足并提出了相应的建议。
[Abstract]:As the source of life, production and ecological basis, water is not only one of the essential elements for human survival, but also an important factor restricting the protection of ecological environment and the development of social economy. With the increasing level of urbanization and industrialization, the increasing population and the rapid development of social economy, both domestic and industrial water need a large amount of water resources, resulting in waste water discharged into the external environment, Cause a serious water pollution problem. For decades, the Chinese government has taken a series of policy measures to improve the growing water pollution, and the deterioration of water pollution has been contained. Xiaoqing River Basin is the link between the provincial capital city economic group and the peninsula blue economic zone, and the high-efficiency ecological economic zone of the Yellow River Delta, which plays an important role in the social and economic development of Shandong Province. Xiaoqing River is a region with a high level of economic and social development in Shandong Province, with dense population, urbanization and high level of industrialization. As the main sewage river along the way, a large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are discharged into the Xiaoqing River. After years of rapid economic development, the problem of water pollution in Xiaoqing River Basin is becoming more and more serious, and the ecological environment is deteriorating, which seriously threatens the economic development and social stability along the coast. Over the years, Shandong provincial government and cities along the road have issued relevant policies to control the Xiaoqing River, and the water quality has been improved, but it is still one of the worst water quality basins in Shandong Province. Through the review and analysis of water environment control policy in Xiaoqing River Basin, this paper studies the improvement of water environment condition after the implementation of relevant policies, and comprehensively evaluates the environmental benefits of water environment protection policy. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the ecological environment protection and restoration of Xiaoqing River basin and the formulation and implementation of subsequent water environment protection policies. Based on the retrospective analysis of the water environmental protection policies implemented in various periods of the Xiaoqing River Basin, from the source of the Xiaoqing River to the mouth of the sea, this paper selects Mullizhuang, Xiadian, Daddock, Xinfengzhuang, etc. The floating bridge and the Shicun section are taken as the research objects. The water quality of the main pollutants in each section from 1991 to 2014, the discharge control of pollutants and the change of wastewater treatment rate are analyzed, and the water environment protection policies implemented in each period are combined. Evaluate its water environment benefit and effectiveness. From 1991 to 2014, under the implementation of water environment protection policy, the water environment quality of Xiaoqing River basin has been improved obviously, and the concentration of main pollutants in each section has decreased obviously. In 2014, except upstream returning home shop, The ammonia nitrogen concentration of the big dock and Xinfengzhuang section is still not up to the standard, and the water quality of the other sections can reach the corresponding water quality standard, and the discharge of major pollutants in each city has been effectively controlled. The standard discharge rate of industrial wastewater can reach 100%, the treatment rate of domestic sewage reaches more than 90%, all of them reach a higher level. The implementation of water environment protection policy has a good correlation with the change of water quality. The water quality of each section of the basin is improved, but the water quality will deteriorate if the policy is implemented discontinuous. Finally, based on the above analysis, the shortcomings of water environment protection policy in Xiaoqing River Basin are analyzed and corresponding suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52

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