烷基修饰维碳材料的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 03:25

本文选题：石墨烯 + 热响应性　；参考：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：碳元素具有许多同素异形体。例如质地柔软的石墨、硬度很大的金刚石、碳纳米管、富勒烯、碳量子点以及2004年发现的石墨烯。石墨烯的发现,充实了碳材料家族,形成了从零维富勒烯和碳量子点、一维碳纳米管、二维石墨烯到三维金刚石和石墨的完整结构体系。石墨烯本身具有许多优良的物理和化学性质,例如,其强度及比表面积大、导热性好、载流子迁移率高,柔韧性好等。这些良好的性质及其在电容器、燃料电池、传感器、透明导电薄膜等方面的潜在应用,引起了人们对石墨烯极大的研究兴趣。近年来发现的碳量子点,具有低毒、制备简单、荧光稳定性好等性质。另外,碳量子点特殊的结构使其具有较高的太阳光吸收效率、可调节的荧光光谱、光致电子转移以及红外响应上转换发光性能等特性。这些性能使得碳量子点在生物成像、药物运输、光电器件、量子点敏化太阳能电池等方面具有巨大的应用前景。本论文的主要目的是通过对碳纳米材料的研究,得到具有温度响应性能的智能石墨烯分散液以及荧光量子产率较高的油溶性碳量子点。本论文的主要研究内容包括材料的制备、性能的表征等,分为以下三个方面:1、智能石墨烯分散液的制备。利用液相剥离石墨粉的方法,在氯苯中制备了烷基枝化的Percec型分子辅助分散的、具有低缺陷、热响应性能的智能石墨烯分散液。采用透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、差式扫描量热仪等进行表征分析。研究并改善了石墨烯分散液的制备条件,获得了浓度较大的石墨烯分散液。通过简单的改变温度,便能实现处于分散状态的石墨烯与稳定剂分子的分离和回收利用。2、共价修饰的石墨烯及其分散性。利用[3+2]环加成反应将稳定剂分子共价修饰到石墨烯的表面,比较了修饰后的石墨烯与未修饰的石墨烯在多种有机溶剂中的分散性,发现修饰后的石墨烯分散性更好,从而为进一步将其引入聚合物体系创造了条件。3、油溶性碳量子点的制备及表征。通过简单的加热回流,在氯苯中制备了油溶性碳量子点。采用高分辨透射电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪等进行表征分析。研究了链长和官能团对制得的油溶性碳量子点荧光性能的影响,优化了制备条件。比较了油溶性碳量子点在多种有机溶剂中的溶解性。此外,我们将制得的油溶性碳量子点应用到了荧光墨水上面。
[Abstract]:The carbon element has many isomorphic bodies. Examples include soft graphite, hard diamond, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon quantum dots and graphene discovered in 2004. The discovery of graphene enriches the family of carbon materials and forms a complete structure system from zero-virifullerene and carbon quantum dots, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene to three-dimensional diamond and graphite. Graphene has many excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high strength and specific surface area, good thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility, good flexibility and so on. These good properties and their potential applications in capacitors, fuel cells, sensors, transparent conductive films and so on have aroused great interest in graphene research. Carbon quantum dots (QDs), which have been discovered in recent years, are characterized by low toxicity, simple preparation and good fluorescence stability. In addition, the special structure of carbon quantum dots makes them have high solar absorption efficiency, adjustable fluorescence spectrum, photoelectron transfer and infrared response up-conversion luminescence properties. These properties make carbon quantum dots (QDs) have great potential applications in biological imaging, drug transport, photovoltaic devices, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and so on. The main purpose of this thesis is to obtain intelligent graphene dispersions with temperature response and oil-soluble carbon quantum dots with high fluorescence quantum yield through the study of carbon nanomaterials. The main contents of this thesis include preparation of materials and characterization of properties, which can be divided into three aspects: 1, preparation of intelligent graphene dispersions. An intelligent graphene dispersion with low defect and thermal response was prepared from chlorobenzene by liquid phase stripping graphite powder. Transmission electron microscope, Raman spectrum and differential scanning calorimeter were used. The preparation conditions of graphene dispersions were studied and improved, and high concentration graphene dispersions were obtained. By simply changing the temperature, the separation and recycling of graphene and stabilizer molecules in dispersed state can be realized, and the covalent modification of graphene and its dispersity can be realized. The stabilizer molecule was covalently modified to the surface of graphene by [32] cycloaddition reaction. The dispersion of the modified graphene was compared with that of the unmodified graphene in various organic solvents. It was found that the modified graphene was more dispersed than the unmodified graphene in various organic solvents. Thus, the conditions for further introducing it into polymer system. 3. The preparation and characterization of oil-soluble carbon quantum dots. Oil soluble carbon quantum dots (OQDs) were prepared in chlorobenzene by simply heating reflux. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrometer were used to characterize and analyze. The effects of chain length and functional groups on the fluorescence properties of the oil-soluble carbon quantum dots were studied and the preparation conditions were optimized. The solubility of oil soluble carbon quantum dots in various organic solvents was compared. In addition, we applied the oil-soluble carbon quantum dots to fluorescent ink.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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