HSK工具系统精度的基础共性技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 11:40

本文选题：高速加工 + HSK刀柄　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速加工技术作为机械制造中最先进的制造技术之一,凭借其高效、优质、低耗的独特优势广泛应用于汽车工业、航空航天、军工制造等工业领域。作为高速加工技术的核心功能部件的是工具系统,其自身性能直接影响着整个机床的加工效率、加工质量和使用寿命。工具系统的精度问题(包括连接精度、几何精度和动平衡精度)直接影响着其自身性能。如何合理、有效地揭示这些精度问题的影响因素和影响规律,对刀柄的设计、制造和使用都有着重要的理论意义和应用价值。本论文在理论方法分析的基础上,结合有限元数值模拟和实验分析等研究方法对HSK刀柄/主轴的精度问题进行了系统地研究,研究的主要工作和结论有:(1)通过弹塑性力学方法建立弹性夹爪受力的力学模型,基于轴向位移和夹爪受力不均产生径向偏转的有限元分析方法,分别模拟了夹紧力和过盈量对HSK工具系统定位精度的影响规律,并与定位精度实验分析结果进行对比分析,揭示了过盈量对保证工具系统定位精度有决定性的作用。(2)基于有限元模拟方法,分析了公差范围内不同尺寸几何精度对系统刚度的影响,确定夹紧内孔直径尺寸、夹紧面位置尺寸和锥度对工具系统刚度影响较大。通过正交实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了轴向以及径向刚度的显著性因素,揭示出轴向刚度的最显著因素是夹紧面位置尺寸,径向刚度的最显著因素是锥度,为刀柄加工制造过程中重要尺寸的制造精度保证提供了理论参考。(3)基于运动弹性力学理论建立惯性坐标系中变形刚体的质心运动模型,并给出计算公式,结合有限元模拟结果分析了夹紧机构夹爪受力不均和制造形位误差对动平衡精度的影响,揭示出夹紧机构夹爪的失效程度、锥面轮廓度和端面全跳动对动平衡精度等级的影响规律。(4)对比分析实际动平衡精度和原始动平衡精度在转速下的变化关系,得出转速对实际的动平衡精度等级的影响规律,为修正系数的选择提供了参考;基于UG高级仿真分析了不同不平衡量对加工精度的影响规律,揭示了刀尖位移偏移量和不平衡量以及固有频率的影响规律,为加工过程中不平衡量的控制提供了依据。
[Abstract]:As one of the most advanced manufacturing technologies in mechanical manufacturing, high-speed machining technology is widely used in automotive industry, aerospace industry, military industry manufacturing and other industries with its unique advantages of high efficiency, high quality and low consumption. As the core functional component of high-speed machining technology is tool system, its own performance directly affects the machining efficiency, machining quality and service life of the whole machine tool. The accuracy of tool system (including connection precision, geometric precision and dynamic balance precision) directly affects its own performance. How to reasonably and effectively reveal the influencing factors and rules of these precision problems has important theoretical significance and application value for the design, manufacture and use of the knife handle. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the accuracy of HSK cutter shank / spindle is studied systematically by using finite element numerical simulation and experimental analysis. The main work and conclusion of the study are as follows: (1) the mechanical model of elastic clamping force is established by elastoplastic mechanics method, based on the finite element analysis method of radial deflection caused by axial displacement and uneven stress of claw. The effects of clamping force and interference on the positioning accuracy of HSK tool system are simulated, and the results are compared with the experimental results. Based on the finite element simulation method, the influence of geometric precision of different dimensions in tolerance range on system stiffness is analyzed, and the diameter of clamping inner hole is determined. The position and taper of clamping surface have great influence on the stiffness of tool system. Through the combination of orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation, the significance factors of axial and radial stiffness are analyzed. It is revealed that the most significant factor of axial stiffness is clamping plane position size, and the most significant factor of radial stiffness is taper. This paper provides a theoretical reference for guaranteeing the manufacturing accuracy of important dimensions in the manufacturing process of cutter shank. Based on the theory of kinematic elasticity, the motion model of deformed rigid body in inertial coordinate system is established, and the calculation formula is given. Combined with the finite element simulation results, the influence of the uneven force on the clamping mechanism claw and the shape and position error of the clamping mechanism on the dynamic balance accuracy is analyzed, and the failure degree of the clamping mechanism claw is revealed. The influence law of conical contour and end face total runout on dynamic balance precision grade. (4) the relation between actual dynamic balance precision and original dynamic balance precision under rotational speed is analyzed, and the influence law of rotational speed on actual dynamic balance precision grade is obtained. Based on the advanced simulation of UG, the influence of different unbalance on machining accuracy is analyzed, and the influence law of tip displacement offset, unbalance and natural frequency is revealed. It provides the basis for the control of the unbalanced amount in the process of processing.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG502

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