草鱼鱼鳞有机酸钙和明胶联产工艺及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 13:49

  本文选题：草鱼鱼鳞 + 柠檬酸-苹果酸钙　； 参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：草鱼是我国的主要养殖淡水鱼,是水产品加工中常见的原料。在水产品加工过程中会产生鱼鳞等下脚料,鱼鳞中含有丰富的蛋白质和钙元素,但是由于受到加工技术和传统理念的限制,绝大多数鱼鳞被当作废弃物处理掉了。本试验在前人关于鱼鳞脱灰和制备明胶的基础上,研究了以草鱼鱼鳞为原料的有机酸钙和明胶的制备,形成了较为连续完整的制备工艺。研究的主要内容和结果如下：(1)以草鱼鱼鳞为原料,采用柠檬酸和苹果酸混酸进行浸酸提钙,运用Design Expert 8.0软件,根据Box-Behnken中心组合原理,建立了草鱼鱼鳞中钙得率的三元二次回归模型,响应面优化的结果为按照柠檬酸与苹果酸的质量比为1.07：1混合,然后配置成混酸浓度为10%的混酸溶液,将混酸与预处理后的草鱼鱼鳞按液料比为15.67的比例进行混合,在30℃的条件下反应90min,在此条件下钙得率最高为14.86%。通过单因素试验,得出冷冻结晶温度为-10℃,结晶时间为18h时,所得柠檬酸-苹果酸钙晶体水溶性最好。(2)以脱钙后的草鱼鱼鳞为原料,采用酶法对明胶制备工艺进行了研究。通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,得出最佳的明胶制备工艺为：使用Alcalase酶进行酶解,在加酶量为225u/g,酶解时间为5.6h,酶解温度为30℃,热水提胶的水提时间4h,水提温度60℃,料液比为1：15。在上述条件下,所制得的草鱼鱼鳞明胶提取率为56.06%,凝胶强度为542g·mm,等电点为6.8左右,勃式粘度为12.83mPa·s,具有良好的乳化性和起泡性,透射比和灰分等指标均高于国家食用明胶的标准,除起泡稳定性外的各项指标均优于普通市售商业明胶。(3)研究了鱼丸制作过程中添加草鱼鱼鳞明胶对鱼丸品质的影响。通过试验得出,添加1%的明胶提高了鱼丸的亮度和白度,失水率降低了2.44%,使持水性提高,增加了鱼丸的硬度和咀嚼性,凝胶强度提高了640.2lg·mm,且在各项指标上均优于添加1%普通市售商业明胶制作的鱼丸。
[Abstract]:Grass carp is the main freshwater fish in China, and it is a common raw material in aquatic products processing. Fish scales and other waste materials are produced in the process of aquatic products processing. Fish scales are rich in protein and calcium. However, due to the limitations of processing technology and traditional concepts, most fish scales are treated as wastes. The preparation of calcium organic acid and gelatin from grass carp fish scales was studied on the basis of previous studies on fish scale descaling and gelatin preparation. The main contents and results of this study are as follows: (1) using grass carp scale as raw material, calcium extraction was carried out with citric acid and malic acid mixed acid, and the Box-Behnken center combination principle was used by Design expert 8.0 software. A ternary quadratic regression model of calcium yield in grass carp scales was established. The response surface optimization results showed that the mixture of citric acid and malic acid was 1.07: 1, and then mixed with 10% mixed acid solution. The mixture of mixed acid and pre-treated grass carp scales was mixed at the ratio of liquid to material 15.67, and the reaction time was 90 min at 30 鈩，

本文编号：2014231