天然气管道滑坡地质灾害监测预警技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 12:32

本文选题：滑坡 + 天然气管道　；参考：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：滑坡作为我国山区常见的地质灾害,具有破坏性强、影响范围广、难预防等特点。敷设在山区的天然气管道容易受到滑坡体变形的影响发生弯曲甚至断裂,造成严重的后果。通过对管道滑坡灾害进行监测预警,掌握滑坡及管道风险状态,采取合理的灾害防治措施,可有效降低滑坡导致管道失效的可能。本文通过研究滑坡发育规律及其变形作用下管道受力特点、构建灾害预警体系,设计了一套基于光纤光栅的天然气管道滑坡灾害监测预警系统。主要研究工作如下:(1)调研国内外管道滑坡灾害监测、预警技术及应用现状。研究相关监测设备、预警体系适应性和预警软件功能,分析滑坡及管道监测体系中现场监测、信息传输、预警系统存在的不足。(2)研究滑坡形态特征、滑坡变形演变过程、稳定性影响因素,运用ABAQUS有限元软件分析了滑坡作用下的天然气管道变形特点、失效原因、主要应力集中区域分布规律,确立滑坡作用下天然气管道失效判断准则。为监测参数的选择、设备选型、监测点的布设提供依据。(3)基于光纤光栅传感原理及其应用于管道滑坡灾害的监测方法,提出了基于光纤光栅传感的天然气管道滑坡监测方案,采用光纤光栅混凝土地梁、光纤光栅测斜管、光纤光栅应变传感器分别实现对滑坡表部位移、深部位移监测以及管道应变监测。为了明确管道监测前已存在的应变量,提出了管道初始应变计算方法。(4)分析了滑坡各发育阶段位移速率、位移量变化趋势、位移形式和降雨对滑坡位移的影响规律,提出滑坡发育阶段识别方法,结合管材不同应变程度下所承受的风险,建立可同时考虑滑坡和管道风险的预警矩阵,依据风险高低划分预警等级,明确灾害预警尺度,构建管道滑坡灾害多级预警体系。(5)基于对上位机的监测预警软件系统需求分析、功能模块设计、数据分析及预警模型集成研究,建立管道滑坡灾害监测预警数据库,采用C#编程语言开发"天然气管道滑坡地质灾害监测预警软件",实现了滑坡灾害发育及管道受力状态的动态监测、预警区间划分、预警等级识别、制定灾害缓解措施、数据管理等功能,形成具有通用性的监测预警平台。(6)针对A天然气管道滑坡地质环境及管道特征,设计了具体的管道滑坡灾害监测预警方案并进行适应性分析。依据监测数据,分析了该地区降雨特点及其对滑坡变形的影响规律,明确滑坡表部位移、深部位移、管道应变情况。通过分析滑坡及管道安全状态确立预警等级,提出灾害防治建议。
[Abstract]:As a common geological hazard in mountainous area of China, landslide has the characteristics of strong destructive, wide range of influence and difficult to prevent. Natural gas pipelines laid in mountainous areas are prone to bend and even fracture due to landslide deformation, which results in serious consequences. Through monitoring and warning of pipeline landslide, mastering landslide and pipeline risk state, taking reasonable disaster prevention and control measures, the possibility of pipeline failure caused by landslide can be effectively reduced. Through studying the law of landslide development and the stress characteristics of pipeline under deformation, a disaster warning system is constructed, and a set of natural gas pipeline landslide disaster monitoring and warning system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is designed. The main research work is as follows: (1) the monitoring, early warning technology and application status of pipeline landslide disaster at home and abroad are investigated. The related monitoring equipment, the adaptability of early warning system and the function of early warning software are studied, and the deficiencies of site monitoring, information transmission and early warning system in the monitoring system of landslide and pipeline are analyzed. (2) the morphological characteristics of landslide and the evolution process of landslide deformation are studied. By using Abaqus finite element software, the deformation characteristics of natural gas pipeline under landslide, the failure reason, the distribution law of main stress concentration region are analyzed, and the criterion of natural gas pipeline failure judgement under landslide action is established. It provides the basis for the selection of monitoring parameters, the selection of equipment and the layout of monitoring points. (3) based on the principle of fiber Bragg grating sensing and its application to the monitoring method of pipeline landslide disaster, a natural gas pipeline landslide monitoring scheme based on fiber Bragg grating sensing is proposed. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) concrete ground beam, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tube and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor are used to monitor the landslide surface, the deep displacement and the pipeline strain, respectively. In order to clarify the existing strain before pipeline monitoring, a calculation method of pipeline initial strain is put forward. (4) the displacement rate, displacement change trend, displacement form and the influence of rainfall on landslide displacement are analyzed. This paper puts forward the identification method of landslide development stage, combined with the risk under different strain degree of pipe, establishes the early warning matrix which can consider landslide and pipeline risk at the same time, divides the early warning grade according to the risk level, and clarifies the early warning scale of disaster. The multistage early warning system of pipeline landslide disaster is constructed. (5) based on the requirement analysis, function module design, data analysis and early warning model integration of monitoring and early warning software system of upper computer, the monitoring and early warning database of pipeline landslide disaster is established. Using C # programming language to develop the "monitoring and warning software of natural gas pipeline landslide geological hazard", the dynamic monitoring of landslide development and pipeline stress state, the division of early warning interval, the recognition of early warning grade, and the establishment of disaster mitigation measures are realized. Data management and other functions to form a universal monitoring and early warning platform. (6) according to the geological environment and pipeline characteristics of A natural gas pipeline landslide, a specific pipeline landslide disaster monitoring and early warning scheme is designed and the adaptability analysis is carried out. Based on the monitoring data, the characteristics of rainfall in this area and its influence on landslide deformation are analyzed, and the displacement of landslide surface, deep displacement and pipeline strain are determined. By analyzing the safety state of landslide and pipeline, the early warning level is established, and suggestions for disaster prevention and control are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE88

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