REAC注水系统工艺优化及螺旋喷嘴注水性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 16:30

本文选题：空冷管束 + 铵盐堵塞　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着石油能源危机进一步加剧,为满足国内能源需求的正常供给,我国进口了大量“高硫、高氮、含氯”劣质原油,致使劣质原油炼制加工比例不断攀升,导致国内多家石化企业的炼油设备普遍发生腐蚀失效问题,尤其是加氢空冷器频繁出现管束堵塞、弯曲变形、穿孔泄漏等事故,对炼油工艺安全生产造成严重威胁。因此,本文以加氢反应流出物注水系统工艺与注水螺旋喷嘴为研究对象,提出有效的注水工艺优化与防控措施,保障空冷器系统安稳运行。本文以YZ加氢反应流出物(REAC)注水系统工艺过程与注水螺旋喷嘴为研究对象,结合空冷管束失效情况,对典型工况下REAC系统进行工艺过程分析,分析堵塞杂质及原因,明确管束弯曲变形的主要危害源。通过Aspen Plus对注水工艺过程建模仿真,计算不同注水量下REAC系统中NH4HS浓度、pH值、液态水含量等关键参数,获得铵盐浓度随注水量变化规律,从而优化注水工艺参数。通过螺旋喷嘴喷射实验装置,对螺旋喷嘴A与喷嘴B的出口流量、射程、雾化角等特性参数进行了研究,得到不同压力工况下螺旋喷嘴喷射性能,并对实验数据进行函数拟合,获得喷嘴出口流量、射程、雾化角随压力变化规律。建立注水螺旋喷嘴内、外流场计算模型,运用Fluent软件对注水点螺旋喷嘴作用段流场进行数值模拟,并将喷嘴内部流场结果,作为模拟螺旋喷嘴外部雾化场的边界条件。保持内外场模拟具有关联性。内流场模拟分析了注水喷嘴速度场、压力场和雾化角,外流场模拟分析了喷射雾化颗粒速度和粒径变化规律。结果表明,在实际REAC注水工艺过程中,螺旋喷嘴A的注水性能比螺旋喷嘴B的要好,压力对螺旋喷嘴射程与出口流量的影响作用较大,对雾化角的影响作用较小。本文的创新之处在于:1)基于REAC工艺腐蚀回路,对空冷管束堵塞失效原因进行分析,并提出通过优化注水工艺防控空冷管束堵塞失效风险。2)对注水结构中注水螺旋喷嘴进行实验与数值模拟研究,获得不同工况下螺旋喷嘴主要注水性能参数变化规律,可为优化注水结构与注水效果提供依据,对有效防控空冷管束铵盐结晶堵塞失效具有重要工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the further intensification of the petroleum energy crisis, in order to meet the normal supply of domestic energy demand, China has imported a large number of "high sulfur, high nitrogen, chlorine" crude oil of inferior quality, resulting in the proportion of inferior crude oil refining and processing continuously rising. The corrosion failure of oil refining equipment in many domestic petrochemical enterprises has been caused generally, especially the frequent occurrence of tube bundles clogging, bending deformation, perforation leakage and other accidents in hydrogenation air coolers, which pose a serious threat to the safety of oil refining process. Therefore, in this paper, the hydrotreating reaction effluent injection system process and the injection screw nozzle as the research object, the effective water injection process optimization and control measures are put forward to ensure the air cooler system to operate safely and stably. In this paper, the process of YZ Hydrogenation reaction effluent (REAC) water injection system and the injection screw nozzle are studied. Combined with the failure of air-cooled pipe bundle, the process of REAC system under typical working conditions is analyzed, and the impurity and its causes are analyzed. Identify the main hazard sources of tube bundle bending deformation. Through modeling and simulation of water injection process by Aspen Plus, the key parameters of NH 4HS concentration and liquid water content in REAC system under different water injection rates are calculated, and the variation law of ammonium salt concentration with water injection rate is obtained to optimize the water injection process parameters. In this paper, the flow rate, range, atomization angle and other characteristic parameters of spiral nozzle A and nozzle B are studied by means of spiral nozzle injection experimental device. The spray performance of spiral nozzle under different pressure conditions is obtained, and the experimental data are fitted by function. The flow rate, range and atomization angle of nozzle outlet change with pressure. The numerical simulation of the flow field of the spiral nozzle at injection point was carried out by using fluent software, and the results of the internal flow field of the nozzle were taken as the boundary conditions to simulate the external atomization field of the spiral nozzle. Keeping the internal and external field simulation is relevant. The velocity field, pressure field and atomization angle of the injection nozzle are simulated and analyzed in the internal flow field, and the variation law of the velocity and particle size of the spray atomizing particle is analyzed by the flow field simulation. The results show that the water injection performance of screw nozzle A is better than that of screw nozzle B in the process of real REAC injection. The influence of pressure on the range and outlet flow of spiral nozzle is greater than that on atomization angle. The innovation of this paper lies in: (1) based on the corrosion loop of REAC process, the causes of the clogging failure of air-cooled pipe bundles are analyzed. The experiment and numerical simulation of the screw nozzle in water injection structure are carried out by optimizing the water injection technology to prevent and control the failure risk of air cooling pipe bundle plugging. The variation law of the main performance parameters of the screw nozzle under different working conditions is obtained. It can provide the basis for optimizing water injection structure and water injection effect, and has important engineering application value for preventing and controlling the crystallization plugging failure of ammonium salt in air-cooled pipe bundle effectively.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE96

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