消防用阻燃织物火场热行为研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 11:44

本文选题：阻燃织物 + 热行为　；参考：《中原工学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：阻燃织物是现代社会生活、生产安全的必备品之一。随着科技的发展、新型阻燃纺织材料的开发及产业化的推进,阻燃纺织品的应用已突破国防军事领域,扩展到工业、农业、交通运输及家居生活等诸多领域。尤其在消防领域,阻燃纺织品的应用能有效遏制火势的蔓延,保障消防救援人员的作业安全,减轻热灾害对生命、财产及环境等造成的危害。因此,提高阻燃织物的火场安全性及防护性,扩大阻燃织物的应用范围是减少火灾发生、降低火场危害的重要途径。阻燃棉、芳砜纶与芳纶织物是我国已实现产业化生产的三种消防用阻燃织物,研究这些织物的火场热行为有助于开发新型服用阻燃面料,推动阻燃织物开发技术的“军民融合”。火场中主要传热方式有热传导、热对流与热辐射三种形式。阻燃织物在火场热作用下表现出的热行为主要包括:热解、阻燃性、热释放、发烟性等火灾安全行为及热防护、热辐射参数、热阻等防护性能的变化。本论文沿着织物火灾安全性能及热防护性能两项评价材料的火场热行为指标展开对阻燃棉、芳砜纶、芳纶ⅢA三种阻燃织物进行研究。第一,从微观与宏观尺度研究织物火灾安全性。微观方面,首先利用TG-FTIR研究了芳砜纶纤维的热解动力学及热解机制,结果表明芳砜纶纤维的热降解过程分为干燥脱水、过渡、主要热裂解、碳化四个阶段,氮气氛围中初始分解温度375℃左右,800℃的残炭率仍近42%,热稳定性优异,利用热分析Friedman法、FWO法计算的活化能平均值为215.62 kJ/mol、194.65kJ/mol,结合Coats-Redfern法得出芳砜纶热解过程最可能符合S2圆柱形对称扩散机制;然后利用TG、激光显微镜微观表征阻燃织物热解前后的不同状态,结果表明63 kW/m2对流热下暴露20s后阻燃棉织物热解较为完全,芳砜纶、芳纶ⅢA织物只是部分程度的热解,仍具有较好的稳定性。宏观方面,利用垂直燃烧、极限氧指数、锥形量热仪、烟密度箱分别从阻燃性能、燃烧性能、生烟性等方面分析阻燃棉、芳砜纶、芳纶ⅢA三种织物的火场安全性,结果表明三种阻燃织物都具有较好的阻燃性,但阻燃棉遇热质量损失较大,芳砜纶遇热收缩严重。25 kW/m2和50 kW/m2辐射热流下,芳纶ⅢA火场安全性大于阻燃棉和芳砜纶;25 kW/m2辐射热流下无焰模式时阻燃织物热解缓慢,其产烟量均高于有焰模式时的产烟量。第二,研究热解效应对三种阻燃织物的隔热防护性能及热辐射属性参数的影响。首先,采用FPT-30A火焰防护评价试验机测试织物的对流热防护性能,模拟了织物的热解;然后,搭建RPP测试装置测试芳砜纶、芳纶ⅢA织物遇火热解前后热防护性能的变化,结果显示织物在热解后较热解前的热防护能力下降,最高相对差为35.7%,随着辐射热流密度的上升,芳砜纶、芳纶织物热解前后织物背面的温度差值随时间的变化规律总体呈现先陡急后趋于平缓的上升趋势;随后,采用傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、紫外可见近红外分光光度计研究了热解后织物成分的变化以及反射率、透过率等光谱辐射参数的变化。结果表明三种阻燃织物经63kW/m2对流热热解20s后,红外谱图的典型特征吸收峰已不太明显,阻燃织物热解后较热解前的反射率、透过率均下降,吸收率上升,且热解前后织物透过率的变化差值远小于反射率的变化差值;最后,搭建热辐射环境下织物热阻测试装置,研究低辐射热流(5kW/m2)下不同热解程度织物热阻的变化规律,研究表明低辐射强度下,随着热解程度的增加,阻燃织物的热阻降低,且热解条件相同情况下,阻燃棉的热阻最小,芳砜纶次之,芳纶ⅢA最大。
[Abstract]:Flame retardant fabric is one of the essential products of modern social life and production safety. With the development of science and technology, the development of new type of flame retardant textile materials and the promotion of industrialization, the application of flame retardant textiles has broken through the field of national defense and military, and expanded to industry, agriculture, transportation and home living, especially in fire fighting field. The application can effectively curb the spread of fire, ensure the safety of fire rescue workers, and reduce the damage caused by heat disaster to life, property and environment. Therefore, it is an important way to reduce fire and reduce the harm of fire field by increasing the safety and protection of fire retardant fabric. Sulfoxon and aramid fabrics are three fire-retardant fabrics for industrial production in China. The study of the thermal behavior of these fabrics is helpful to develop a new type of fire-retardant fabric and promote the "military and civilian integration" in the development of flame retardant fabric. The main heat transfer modes in the fire field are thermal conduction, heat convection and heat radiation, three forms of heat convection and heat radiation. The thermal behavior under the thermal action of the fire field mainly includes: pyrolysis, flame retardancy, heat release, smoke and other fire safety behaviors, thermal protection, thermal radiation parameters, thermal resistance and other protective properties. This paper launches flame retardant cotton, aramid fiber along the fire safety and thermal protection properties of two materials. Three kinds of flame-retardant fabric of aramid III A were studied. First, the fire safety of fabric was studied from microcosmic and macro scale. In the microcosmic aspect, the pyrolysis kinetics and pyrolysis mechanism of aramid fiber were studied by TG-FTIR. The thermal degradation process of Biao Mingfang sulfone fiber was divided into four stages: dry drying, transition, main pyrolysis and carbonization. The initial decomposition temperature of nitrogen atmosphere is about 375 C, the residual carbon rate at 800 C is still near 42%, and the thermal stability is excellent. The average value of activation energy calculated by FWO method is 215.62 kJ/mol, 194.65kJ/mol. The pyrolysis process of the polysulfone fiber is most likely to conform to the symmetric cylindrical symmetric diffusion mechanism by the combination of Coats-Redfern method, and then the TG, laser is used. Microscopically, the microscopically characterizing the different states of the flame retardant fabric before and after pyrolysis, the results show that the flame retardancy of the cotton fabric was completely pyrolyzed after exposure to 20s under 63 kW/m2 convective heat. The aramid fiber and the aramid III A fabric were only partially pyrolyzed and still had good stability. The fire field safety of three kinds of flame-retardant cotton, aramid and aramid III A were analyzed from flame retardancy, combustion performance and smoke production. The results showed that the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics all had good flame retardancy, but the heat loss of the flame retardant cotton was larger, the aramid fiber was hot shrinkage and severe.25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2 radiation heat flow, aramid III A fire field safety The whole nature is greater than the flame retardant cotton and polysulfone fiber; 25 kW/m2 radiation heat flow free flame retardant fabric has slow pyrolysis, and the smoke production is higher than that of the flame mode. Second, the effect of the pyrolysis effect on the thermal protection performance and the thermal radiation attribute parameters of the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics. First, the test machine is measured by the flame protection evaluation test machine. The thermal protection performance of the test fabric was simulated. Then, the RPP test device was built to test the changes of the thermal protection performance of aramid fiber and aramid III A fabric before and after the fire pyrolysis. The results showed that the thermal protection ability of the fabric decreased after pyrolysis, the maximum relative difference was 35.7%, with the increase of the radiation heat flux, aramid fiber, The variation of the temperature difference of the back of the fabric on the back of the aramid fabric before and after the pyrolysis of the aramid fabric presents a trend of first steepness and a gentle upward trend. Then, the Fourier transform attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is used, and the UV visible near infrared spectrophotometer has studied the changes in the composition of the fabric after the pyrolysis, and the reflectance and transmittance of the fabric. The results showed that the typical characteristic absorption peaks of the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics were not obvious after thermal decomposition of the three kinds of flame retardant fabrics for 20s, and the transmittance of the flame retardant fabric decreased and the absorption rate increased after pyrolysis, and the difference value of the change of fabric penetration rate before and after pyrolysis was much less than the variation of the reflectance. Finally, the thermal resistance test device under the heat radiation environment was set up to study the change law of thermal resistance of the fabric with different pyrolysis degree under low radiation heat flux (5kW/m2). The study showed that the thermal resistance of the flame retardant fabric decreased with the increase of the low radiation intensity, and the thermal resistance of the flame retardant cotton was the least, the aramid fiber was the second and the aramid fiber under the same pyrolysis condition. III A is the largest.
【学位授予单位】：中原工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS101.923

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