闪电河正蓝旗元上都遗址段水质变化研究
发布时间：2018-07-14 10:59
【摘要】：近年来内蒙古正蓝旗城镇化建设推进,工业化水平提高,地方特色草原旅游产业飞速发展,广大农牧民生活质量不断改善,但随之自然环境也受到了不同程度的影响。为了做好世界文化遗产元上都遗址周边生态环境保护工作,特对闪电河正蓝旗元上都遗址段水质进行监测分析。根据正蓝旗气候特征及该河段水量补给方式,监测时间选在2013-2016四年的7-9月集中降水期内,每月采样一次。采样地点选在水量较丰富,流速较稳定,且为元上都遗址段上游距离最近、人为活动影响最大的区域。根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)的基本监测项目,同时结合当地实际可能污染源,选定16项监测因子:溶解氧、PH、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、挥发酚、氟化物、硫化物、氨氮、六价铬、铜、锌、铅、镉、砷、汞、石油类。且根据该标准中对地表水水域功能区的划分,以上各检测因子结果评价执行Ⅴ类标准限值。通过监测得出结论:2013-2016四年期间,闪电河正蓝旗元上都遗址段水质总体变化较小,但部分检测因子存在明显变化且有超标情况。(1)理化指标:pH值基本上呈逐年增大趋势,且2016年存在超标现象;溶解氧呈逐年下降趋势。(2)还原性综合指标:生化需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)基本上呈逐年增大趋势;且2013、2015、2016三个年度均存在超标现象。(3)重金属类检测因子:六价铬、铜、锌、铅、镉、汞六项指标四年期间基本上无变化,检测结果均达标且多为检出限以下。(4)其他非金属类检测因子:挥发酚、硫化物、氨氮、砷、石油类五项指标四年期间均变化较小,且全部达标。而氟化物基本上呈逐年增大趋势,且2016年存在超标现象。通过对以上监测结果的讨论,总结导致部分检测因子超标及变化趋势的可能原因,并根据原因逐一分析排查,从而有针对性的提出该河段水质保护的建议及措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of urbanization in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia has been advanced, the level of industrialization has been improved, the tourism industry of grassland with local characteristics has developed rapidly, and the quality of life of farmers and herdsmen has been continuously improved, but the natural environment has also been affected to varying degrees. In order to protect the ecological environment around Yuanshangdu site of the World Cultural Heritage, the water quality of the site section of Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River is monitored and analyzed. According to the climatic characteristics of Zhenglan Banner and the water supply pattern of the reach, the monitoring time is selected during the July-September precipitation period of 2013-2016, which is sampled once a month. The sampling site is located in the area with abundant water quantity, stable flow velocity and the closest upstream distance from the upper reaches of Yuanshangdu site, which has the greatest influence on human activities. According to the basic monitoring items of the Environmental quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and combined with the local possible pollution sources, 16 monitoring factors were selected: dissolved oxygen demand (do), chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (Bod), volatile phenol, fluoride, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, etc. Hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, petroleum. According to the classification of the surface water area in the standard, the results of the above test factors evaluate the implementation of the class V standard limit. It is concluded by monitoring that the water quality of Shangdu site in Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River changed little in the period of 2013-2016, but some of the detection factors were obviously changed and exceeded the standard. (1) the physical and chemical index, the pH value, showed an increasing trend year by year. Moreover, the phenomenon of exceeding the standard was found in 2016, and the dissolved oxygen (do) decreased year by year. (2) the comprehensive index of reductivity: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increasing year by year. And in 20152016, there was a phenomenon of exceeding the standard. (3) the detection factors of heavy metals: hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury basically remained unchanged during the four-year period. (4) other nonmetallic detection factors: volatile phenol, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic and petroleum changed little in four years, and all of them were up to standard. The fluoride is increasing year by year, and there is a phenomenon of exceeding the standard in 2016. Through the discussion of the above monitoring results, this paper summarizes the possible causes that lead to some detection factors exceeding the standard and the changing trend, and analyzes the causes one by one, and then puts forward some suggestions and measures for the protection of water quality in the reach of the river.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X832
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of urbanization in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia has been advanced, the level of industrialization has been improved, the tourism industry of grassland with local characteristics has developed rapidly, and the quality of life of farmers and herdsmen has been continuously improved, but the natural environment has also been affected to varying degrees. In order to protect the ecological environment around Yuanshangdu site of the World Cultural Heritage, the water quality of the site section of Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River is monitored and analyzed. According to the climatic characteristics of Zhenglan Banner and the water supply pattern of the reach, the monitoring time is selected during the July-September precipitation period of 2013-2016, which is sampled once a month. The sampling site is located in the area with abundant water quantity, stable flow velocity and the closest upstream distance from the upper reaches of Yuanshangdu site, which has the greatest influence on human activities. According to the basic monitoring items of the Environmental quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and combined with the local possible pollution sources, 16 monitoring factors were selected: dissolved oxygen demand (do), chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (Bod), volatile phenol, fluoride, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, etc. Hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, petroleum. According to the classification of the surface water area in the standard, the results of the above test factors evaluate the implementation of the class V standard limit. It is concluded by monitoring that the water quality of Shangdu site in Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River changed little in the period of 2013-2016, but some of the detection factors were obviously changed and exceeded the standard. (1) the physical and chemical index, the pH value, showed an increasing trend year by year. Moreover, the phenomenon of exceeding the standard was found in 2016, and the dissolved oxygen (do) decreased year by year. (2) the comprehensive index of reductivity: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increasing year by year. And in 20152016, there was a phenomenon of exceeding the standard. (3) the detection factors of heavy metals: hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury basically remained unchanged during the four-year period. (4) other nonmetallic detection factors: volatile phenol, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic and petroleum changed little in four years, and all of them were up to standard. The fluoride is increasing year by year, and there is a phenomenon of exceeding the standard in 2016. Through the discussion of the above monitoring results, this paper summarizes the possible causes that lead to some detection factors exceeding the standard and the changing trend, and analyzes the causes one by one, and then puts forward some suggestions and measures for the protection of water quality in the reach of the river.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X832
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